gofiber/schema

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gofiber/schema

Package gofiber/schema converts structs to and from form values.

Example

Here's a quick example: we parse POST form values and then decode them into a struct:

// Set a Decoder instance as a package global, because it caches
// meta-data about structs, and an instance can be shared safely.
var decoder = schema.NewDecoder()

type Person struct {
    Name  string
    Phone string
}

func MyHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    err := r.ParseForm()
    if err != nil {
        // Handle error
    }

    var person Person

    // r.PostForm is a map of our POST form values
    err = decoder.Decode(&person, r.PostForm)
    if err != nil {
        // Handle error
    }

    // Do something with person.Name or person.Phone
}

Conversely, contents of a struct can be encoded into form values. Here's a variant of the previous example using the Encoder:

var encoder = schema.NewEncoder()

func MyHttpRequest() {
    person := Person{"Jane Doe", "555-5555"}
    form := url.Values{}

    err := encoder.Encode(person, form)

    if err != nil {
        // Handle error
    }

    // Use form values, for example, with an http client
    client := new(http.Client)
    res, err := client.PostForm("http://my-api.test", form)
}

To define custom names for fields, use a struct tag "schema". To not populate certain fields, use a dash for the name and it will be ignored:

type Person struct {
    Name  string `schema:"name,required"`  // custom name, must be supplied
    Phone string `schema:"phone"`          // custom name
    Admin bool   `schema:"-"`              // this field is never set
}

The supported field types in the struct are:

• bool
• float variants (float32, float64)
• int variants (int, int8, int16, int32, int64)
• string
• uint variants (uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64)
• struct
• a pointer to one of the above types
• a slice or a pointer to a slice of one of the above types

Unsupported types are simply ignored, however custom types can be registered to be converted.

Setting Defaults

It is possible to set default values when encoding/decoding by using the default tag option. The value of default is applied when a field has a zero value, a pointer has a nil value, or a slice is empty.

type Person struct {
    Phone string `schema:"phone,default:+123456"`          // custom name
    Age int     `schema:"age,default:21"`
	Admin bool    `schema:"admin,default:false"`
	Balance float64 `schema:"balance,default:10.0"`
    Friends []string `schema:friends,default:john|bob`
}

The default tag option is supported for the following types:

• bool
• float variants (float32, float64)
• int variants (int, int8, int16, int32, int64)
• uint variants (uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64)
• string
• a slice of the above types. As shown in the example above, | should be used to separate between slice items.
• a pointer to one of the above types (pointer to slice and slice of pointers are not supported).

Note

Because primitive types like int, float, bool, unint and their variants have their default (or zero) values set by Golang, it is not possible to distinguish them from a provided value when decoding/encoding form values. In this case, the value provided by the default option tag will be always applied. For example, let's assume that the value submitted in the form for balance is 0.0 then the default of 10.0 will be applied, even if 0.0 is part of the form data for the balance field. In such cases, it is highly recommended to use pointers to allow schema to distinguish between when a form field has no provided value and when a form has a value equal to the corresponding default set by Golang for a particular type. If the type of the Balance field above is changed to *float64, then the zero value would be nil. In this case, if the form data value for balance is 0.0, then the default will not be applied.

License

BSD licensed. See the LICENSE file for details.

schema's Issues

Optimize Schema Package

A simple benchmark case such as:

func BenchmarkSimpleStructDecode(b *testing.B) {
	type S struct {
		A string  `schema:"a"`
		B int     `schema:"b"`
		C bool    `schema:"c"`
		D float64 `schema:"d"`
		E struct {
			F float64 `schema:"f"`
		} `schema:"e"`
	}
	s := S{}
	data := map[string][]string{
		"a":   {"abc"},
		"b":   {"123"},
		"c":   {"true"},
		"d":   {"3.14"},
		"e.f": {"3.14"},
	}
	decoder := NewDecoder()
	b.ResetTimer()

	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		decoder.Decode(&s, data)
	}
}

resulted with: BenchmarkSimpleStruct-16 326770 3600 ns/op 1072 B/op 58 allocs/op which is quite expensive.

      flat  flat%   sum%        cum   cum%
  110.50MB 32.69% 32.69%   137.50MB 40.68%  github.com/gofiber/schema.(*cache).parsePath
   59.50MB 17.60% 50.29%    59.50MB 17.60%  github.com/gofiber/schema.(*Decoder).findRequiredFields
   32.50MB  9.61% 59.91%    32.50MB  9.61%  reflect.(*structType).Field
   30.50MB  9.02% 68.93%    30.50MB  9.02%  reflect.New
      29MB  8.58% 77.51%    48.50MB 14.35%  github.com/gofiber/schema.(*Decoder).setDefaults
      27MB  7.99% 85.50%       27MB  7.99%  strings.genSplit
      18MB  5.33% 90.82%   337.51MB 99.85%  github.com/gofiber/schema.(*Decoder).Decode
   14.50MB  4.29% 95.11%    14.50MB  4.29%  reflect.packEface
       6MB  1.78% 96.89%        6MB  1.78%  github.com/gofiber/schema.convertString
    3.50MB  1.04% 97.92%     3.50MB  1.04%  reflect.makeFloat

these parts are the most expensive and memory-intensive parts according to pprof. I think there should be an open door to optimize parsePath, findRequiredFields and setDefaults logic. This PR is created to follow and find necessary optimizations.