Implement Named Constructor syntax

[jfecher]

Implement Named Constructor syntax

[jfecher]

If a contributor wants to work on this issue, feel free to tackle it in chunks. E.g. adding parser support first. Then in a later PR add name resolution support. During name resolution, we can desugar to a normal constructor expression with positional fields so that no later pass will need to handle these expressions.

MyStruct with field1 = expr1, ..., fieldN = exprN

Can be desugared to

_v1 = expr1
_v2 = expr2
MyStruct _v1 _v2

Where an outer block expression holds variable definitions for each field to preserve order of operations in case the fields need to be rearranged for the constructor expression. The fresh names generated for each variable should also be names that cannot clash with user's variable names. An easy way to achieve this is by prefixing the name with a symbol like $.

[jfecher]

The remaining work on this issue is to implement name resolution, type checking, and monomorphization for named constructors. It's likely that after name resolution we'll be able to desugar named constructors into regular constructors, e.g:

MyConstructor with
    field3 = expr3
    field2 = expr2
    field1 = expr1

Will desugar to:

// Fields are brought out into Definitions to preserve evaluation order.
// They're given a name guaranteed not to clash with any identifier in the source program.
$field3 = expr3
$field2 = expr2
$field1 = expr1
MyConstructor $field1 $field2 $field3