TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

[packtpublishing]

TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

[nielspetersen]

Hi mukesh-metha,

did you try to open the training file via

ftrain = open(os.path.join(Data_dir,"training.txt"),'r')

I've made the experience that the examples in the book are written for Python 2.x. The binary option is not necessary in Python 3 since there have been some changes in the API (see https://docs.python.org/3.0/whatsnew/3.0.html#text-vs-data-instead-of-unicode-vs-8-bit).

[junxu-ai]

lines = []
fin = open("../data/alice_in_wonderland.txt", "r")
for line in fin:
line = line.strip().encode("utf-8").decode("ascii", "ignore")
if len(line) == 0:
continue
lines.append(line)
fin.close()