• 👋 Hi, I’m Sukumar Satyen

• 👀 I’m interested in Software Architecture Development

• 🌱 I’m looking to start up on Payment Gateway

• 💞️ I’m looking to collaborate on e-commerce development

• 📫 Please connect with me linkedin.com/in/SukumarSatyen

• SOLID Principles

The SOLID principles are a set of five design principles introduced by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob) to guide software developers in creating maintainable, understandable, and extensible software. These principles promote good object-oriented design practices and help developers write clean, modular, and flexible code.

The acronym SOLID stands for:

1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): A class should have only one reason to change. This principle emphasizes that a class should have a single responsibility or job. By adhering to SRP, classes become more maintainable and the impact of change is reduced.

2. Open-Closed Principle (OCP): Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification. This principle suggests that the existing code should not be modified to add new functionality. Instead, abstractions, interfaces, and inheritance should be used to enable easy extension without altering the core implementation.

3. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types. In simpler terms, if you have a base class and derive subclasses from it, you should be able to use those subclasses wherever the base class is expected without causing any issues or breaking the program's behavior. LSP ensures a well-designed inheritance hierarchy and avoids unexpected behavior with polymorphic objects.

4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use. This principle advocates for fine-grained and segregated interfaces tailored to specific client needs. It discourages implementing large, bloated interfaces and encourages smaller, more focused interfaces. ISP helps minimize dependencies and reduces the impact of changes.

5. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. DIP promotes loose coupling by suggesting that classes should depend on abstractions rather than concrete implementations. It encourages the use of interfaces and dependency injection, making the code more flexible, reusable, and easier to test.

By following these SOLID principles, developers can create software that is easier to understand, maintain, and modify. Adhering to these principles leads to code that is more modular, flexible, and less prone to bugs. This makes it easier to introduce new features or modify existing ones without unintended side effects.

There are following code structures or patterns that can be converted to adhere to SOLID principles. Let us consider the list:

  - If-else ladders or switch statements
  - Large, monolithic classes with multiple responsibilities
  - Tightly coupled classes
  - Interfaces with too many methods
  - High-level modules directly depending on low-level modules

  - Classes that violate the Liskov Substitution Principle
  - Rigid class hierarchies that are difficult to extend
  - Code duplication across similar classes
  - Classes that create their own dependencies
  - Inheritance hierarchies that force unneeded method implementations
  
  - God objects (classes that try to do too much)
  - Tight coupling between modules or components
  - Hardcoded dependencies
  - Classes with low cohesion
  - Violating the Law of Demeter (principle of least knowledge)
  
  - Overuse of static methods and classes
  - Excessive use of global variables or singletons
  - Lack of abstraction layers
  - Poorly designed inheritance hierarchies
  - Overuse of conditional complexity

These principles play a vital role in designing robust and scalable software systems, and they provide a foundation for writing high-quality code.