Used positive, death and totalTestResults from the API for, respectively, Infected, Deaths and Tested in this dataset.
Please read the documentation of the API for more context on those columns

Density is people per meter squared https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/

https://khn.org/news/as-coronavirus-spreads-widely-millions-of-older-americans-live-in-counties-with-no-icu-beds/

https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/gdp-by-state/

https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/per-capita-income-by-state/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Gini_coefficient

Rates from Feb 2020 and are percentage of labor force
https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm

Ratio is Male / Female
https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-gender/

https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/smoking-rates-by-state/

Death rate per 100,000 people
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/flu_pneumonia_mortality/flu_pneumonia.htm

Death rate per 100,000 people
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/lung_disease_mortality/lung_disease.htm

https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-active-physicians/

https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-hospitals

Includes spending for all health care services and products by state of residence. Hospital spending is included and reflects the total net revenue. Costs such as insurance, administration, research, and construction expenses are not included.
https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/avg-annual-growth-per-capita/

Pollution: Average exposure of the general public to particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5) measured in micrograms per cubic meter (3-year estimate)
https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/annual/measure/air/state/ALL

For each state, number of medium and large airports https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_United_States

Note that FL was incorrect in the table, but is corrected in the Hottest States paragraph
https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/average-temperatures-by-state/
District of Columbia temperature computed as the average of Maryland and Virginia

Urbanization as a percentage of the population https://www.icip.iastate.edu/tables/population/urban-pct-states

https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-age/

Schools that haven't closed are marked NaN https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/map-coronavirus-and-school-closures.html

Note that some datasets above did not contain data for District of Columbia, this missing data was found via Google searches manually entered.