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docker常用命令

Docker

Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine.

Project Homepage: Home - Docker Documentation: Docker Documentation | Docker Documentation

Installation

One click installation script:

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh

Run docker as non root user:

sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Install Docker Engine : Docker Engine

Build Images

Docker CLI

Run Containers

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker run IMAGE Start a new container
docker run --name CONTAINER IMAGE Start a new container and set a name
docker run -p HOSTPORT:CONTAINERPORT IMAGE Start a new container with mapped ports
docker run -P IMAGE Start a new container and map all ports

Container Management:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker create IMAGE Create a new container
docker start CONTAINER Start a container
docker stop CONTAINER Graceful stop a container
docker kill CONTAINER Kill (SIGKILL) a container
docker restart CONTAINER Graceful stop and restart a container
docker pause CONTAINER Suspend a container
docker unpause CONTAINER Resume a container
docker rm CONTAINER Destroy a container

Container Bulk Management

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker stop $(docker ps -q) To stop all the running containers
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q) To stop all the stopped and running containers
docker kill $(docker ps -q) To kill all the running containers
docker kill $(docker ps -a -q) To kill all the stopped and running containers
docker restart $(docker ps -q) To restart all running containers
docker restart $(docker ps -a -q) To restart all the stopped and running containers
docker rm $(docker ps -q) To destroy all running containers
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) To destroy all the stopped and running containers
docker pause $(docker ps -q) To pause all running containers
docker pause $(docker ps -a -q) To pause all the stopped and running containers
docker start $(docker ps -q) To start all running containers
docker start $(docker ps -a -q) To start all the stopped and running containers
docker rm -vf $(docker ps -a -q) To delete all containers including its volumes use
docker rmi -f $(docker images -a -q) To delete all the images
docker system prune To delete all dangling and unused images, containers, cache and volumes
docker system prune -a To delete all used and unused images
docker system prune --volumes To delete all docker volumes

Inspect Containers:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker ps List running containers
docker ps -a List all containers, including stopped
docker logs CONTAINER Show a container output
docker logs -f CONTAINER Follow a container output
docker top CONTAINER List the processes running in a container
docker diff Show the differences with the image (modified files)
docker inspect Show information of a container (json formatted)

Run Commands:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker attach CONTAINER Attach to a container
docker cp CONTAINER:PATH HOSTPATH Copy files from the container
docker cp HOSTPATH CONTAINER:PATH Copy files into the container
docker export CONTAINER Export the content of the container (tar archive)
docker exec CONTAINER Run a command inside a container
docker exec -it CONTAINER /bin/bash Open an interactive shell inside a container (there is no bash in some images, use /bin/sh)
docker wait CONTAINER Wait until the container terminates and return the exit code

Images:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker images List all local images
docker history IMAGE Show the image history
docker inspect IMAGE Show information (json formatted)
docker tag IMAGE TAG Tag an image
docker commit CONTAINER IMAGE Create an image (from a container)
docker import URL Create an image (from a tarball)
docker rmi IMAGE Delete images
docker pull REPO:[TAG] pull an image/repo from a registry
docker push REPO:[TAG] push and image/repo to a registry
docker search TEXT Search an image on the official registry
docker login Login to a registry
docker logout Logout from a registry
docker save REPO:[TAG] Export an image/repo as a tarball
docker load Load images from a tarball

Volumes:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
docker volume ls List all vol1umes
docker volume create VOLUME Create a volume
docker volume inspect VOLUME Show information (json formatted)
docker volume rm VOLUME Destroy a volume
docker volume ls --filter="dangling=true" List all dangling volumes (not referenced by any container)
docker volume prune Delete all volumes (not referenced by any container)

Backup a container volume

Backup docker data from inside container volumes and package it in a tarball archive. 

docker run --rm --volumes-from CONTAINER -v $(pwd):/backup busybox tar cvfz /backup/backup.tar CONTAINERPATH

docker run --rm --volumes-from CONTAINER1 -v $(pwd):/backup busybox tar cvfz /backup/backup.tar CONTAINERPATH

An automated backup can be done also by this Ansible playbook. The output is also a (compressed) tar. The playbook can also manage the backup retention. So older backups will get deleted automatically.

To also create and backup the container configuration itself, you can use docker-replayfor that. If you lose the entire container, you can recreate it with the export from docker-replay. A more detailed tutorial on how to use docker-replay can be found here.

Restore container from backup

Restore the volume with a tarball archive. 

docker run --rm --volumes-from CONTAINER2 -v $(pwd):/backup busybox sh -c "cd CONTAINERPATH && tar xvf /backup/backup.tar --strip 1"

docker run --rm --volumes-from CONTAINER -v $(pwd):/backup busybox sh -c "cd CONTAINERPATH && tar xvf /backup/backup.tar --strip 1"

Networks

Troubleshooting

Networking

docker run --name netshoot --rm -it nicolaka/netshoot /bin/bash

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