ade3164/alx-higher_level_programming

0x00. Python - Hello, World By Guillaume Weight: 1 Ongoing project - started May 30, 2022, must end by May 31, 2022 - you're done with 0% of tasks. Checker will be released at May 30, 2022 12:00 PM An auto review will be launched at the deadline Concepts For this project, we are expected you to look at this concept:

Python programming

Author’s disclaimer Welcome to the Python world!

The first projects are more "C-oriented" - no tricks, no funky syntax - simple! If you've already played with Python, don't worry, fun things will come. You'll soon find that with Python (and the majority of higher level languages), there are ten different ways to do the same thing. Some tasks will expect only one implementation, while other tasks will have multiple possible implementations. Like C, Python also has a linter / style guide like Betty, called PEP8, also now known as PyCode.

Enjoy!

• Guillaume Resources Read or watch:

The Python tutorial (only the first three chapters below) Whetting Your Appetite Using the Python Interpreter An Informal Introduction to Python (Read up until “3.1.2. Strings” included) How To Use String Formatters in Python 3 Learn to Program Pycodestyle – Style Guide for Python Code Learning Objectives At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone, without the help of Google:

General Why Python programming is awesome Who created Python Who is Guido van Rossum Where does the name ‘Python’ come from What is the Zen of Python How to use the Python interpreter How to print text and variables using print How to use strings What are indexing and slicing in Python What is the official Python coding style and how to check your code with pycodestyle Copyright - Plagiarism You are tasked to come up with solutions for the tasks below yourself to meet with the above learning objectives. You will not be able to meet the objectives of this or any following project by copying and pasting someone else’s work. You are not allowed to publish any content of this project. Any form of plagiarism is strictly forbidden and will result in removal from the program. Requirements Python Scripts Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs All your files will be interpreted/compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using python3 (version 3.8.5) All your files should end with a new line The first line of all your files should be exactly #!/usr/bin/python3 A README.md file at the root of the repo, containing a description of the repository A README.md file, at the root of the folder of this project, is mandatory Your code should use the pycodestyle (version 2.8.*) All your files must be executable The length of your files will be tested using wc Shell Scripts Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs All your scripts will be tested on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS All your scripts should be exactly two lines long (wc -l file should print 2) All your files should end with a new line The first line of all your files should be exactly #!/bin/bash All your files must be executable C Scripts Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs All your files will be compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using gcc, using the options -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89 All your files should end with a new line Your code should use the Betty style. It will be checked using betty-style.pl and betty-doc.pl You are not allowed to use global variables No more than 5 functions per file In the following examples, the main.c files are shown as examples. You can use them to test your functions, but you don’t have to push them to your repo (if you do we won’t take them into account). We will use our own main.c files at compilation. Our main.c files might be different from the one shown in the examples The prototypes of all your functions should be included in your header file called lists.h Don’t forget to push your header file All your header files should be include guarded More Info Zen The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than right now. If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those! Pycodestyle Pycodestyle is now the new standard of Python style code

Quiz questions Great! You've completed the quiz successfully! Keep going! (Show quiz) Tasks 0. Run Python file mandatory Write a Shell script that runs a Python script.

The Python file name will be saved in the environment variable $PYFILE

guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ cat main.py #!/usr/bin/python3 print("Best School")

guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ export PYFILE=main.py guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./0-run Best School guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 0-run

1. Run inline mandatory Write a Shell script that runs Python code.

The Python code will be saved in the environment variable $PYCODE

guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ export PYCODE='print(f"Best School: {88+10}")' guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./1-run_inline Best School: 98 guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 1-run_inline

2. Hello, print mandatory Write a Python script that prints exactly "Programming is like building a multilingual puzzle, followed by a new line.

Use the function print guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./2-print.py "Programming is like building a multilingual puzzle guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 2-print.py

3. Print integer mandatory Complete this source code in order to print the integer stored in the variable number, followed by Battery street, followed by a new line.

You can find the source code here The output of the script should be: the number, followed by Battery street, followed by a new line You are not allowed to cast the variable number into a string Your code must be 3 lines long You have to use f-strings tips guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./3-print_number.py 98 Battery street guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 3-print_number.py

4. Print float mandatory Complete the source code in order to print the float stored in the variable number with a precision of 2 digits.

You can find the source code here The output of the program should be: Float:, followed by the float with only 2 digits followed by a new line You are not allowed to cast number to string You have to use f-strings guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./4-print_float.py Float: 3.14 guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 4-print_float.py

5. Print string mandatory Complete this source code in order to print 3 times a string stored in the variable str, followed by its first 9 characters.

You can find the source code here The output of the program should be: 3 times the value of str followed by a new line followed by the 9 first characters of str followed by a new line You are not allowed to use any loops or conditional statement Your program should be maximum 5 lines long guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./5-print_string.py Holberton SchoolHolberton SchoolHolberton School Holberton guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 5-print_string.py

6. Play with strings mandatory Complete this source code to print Welcome to Holberton School!

You can find the source code here You are not allowed to use any loops or conditional statements. You have to use the variables str1 and str2 in your new line of code Your program should be exactly 5 lines long guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./6-concat.py Welcome to Holberton School! guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ wc -l 6-concat.py 5 6-concat.py guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 6-concat.py

7. Copy - Cut - Paste mandatory Complete this source code

You can find the source code here You are not allowed to use any loops or conditional statements Your program should be exactly 8 lines long word_first_3 should contain the first 3 letters of the variable word word_last_2 should contain the last 2 letters of the variable word middle_word should contain the value of the variable word without the first and last letters guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./7-edges.py First 3 letters: Hol Last 2 letters: on Middle word: olberto guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ wc -l 7-edges.py 8 7-edges.py guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 7-edges.py

8. Create a new sentence mandatory Complete this source code to print object-oriented programming with Python, followed by a new line.

You can find the source code here You are not allowed to use any loops or conditional statements Your program should be exactly 5 lines long You are not allowed to create new variables You are not allowed to use string literals guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ ./8-concat_edges.py object-oriented programming with Python guillaume@ubuntu:/py/0x00$ wc -l 8-concat_edges.py 5 8-concat_edges.py guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 8-concat_edges.py

9. Easter Egg mandatory Write a Python script that prints “The Zen of Python”, by TimPeters, followed by a new line.

Your script should be maximum 98 characters long (please check with wc -m 9-easter_egg.py) guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ ./9-easter_egg.py The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than right now. If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those! guillaume@ubuntu:~/py/0x00$ Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming Directory: 0x00-python-hello_world File: 9-easter_egg.py

10. Linked list cycle mandatory Technical interview preparation:

You are not allowed to google anything Whiteboard first This task and all future technical interview prep tasks will include checks for the efficiency of your solution, i.e. is your solution’s runtime fast enough, does your solution require extra memory usage / mallocs, etc. Write a function in C that checks if a singly linked list has a cycle in it.

Prototype: int check_cycle(listint_t *list); Return: 0 if there is no cycle, 1 if there is a cycle Requirements:

Only these functions are allowed: write, printf, putchar, puts, malloc, free carrie@ubuntu:~/0x00$ cat lists.h #ifndef LISTS_H #define LISTS_H

#include <stdlib.h>

/**

• struct listint_s - singly linked list
• @n: integer
• @next: points to the next node
• Description: singly linked list node structure

*/ typedef struct listint_s { int n; struct listint_s *next; } listint_t;

size_t print_listint(const listint_t *h); listint_t *add_nodeint(listint_t **head, const int n); void free_listint(listint_t *head); int check_cycle(listint_t *list);

#endif /* LISTS_H */ carrie@ubuntu:~/0x00$ cat 10-linked_lists.c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "lists.h"

/**

• print_listint - prints all elements of a listint_t list

• @h: pointer to head of list

• Return: number of nodes */ size_t print_listint(const listint_t *h) { const listint_t current; unsigned int n; / number of nodes */

  current = h; n = 0; while (current != NULL) { printf("%i\n", current->n); current = current->next; n++; }

  return (n); }

/**

• add_nodeint - adds a new node at the beginning of a listint_t list

• @head: pointer to a pointer of the start of the list

• @n: integer to be included in node

• Return: address of the new element or NULL if it fails */ listint_t *add_nodeint(listint_t **head, const int n) { listint_t *new;

  new = malloc(sizeof(listint_t)); if (new == NULL) return (NULL);

  new->n = n; new->next = *head; *head = new;

  return (new); }

/**

• free_listint - frees a listint_t list

• @head: pointer to list to be freed

• Return: void */ void free_listint(listint_t *head) { listint_t *current;

  while (head != NULL) { current = head; head = head->next; free(current); } } carrie@ubuntu:~/0x00$ cat 10-main.c #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include "lists.h"

/**

• main - check the code

• Return: Always 0. */ int main(void) { listint_t *head; listint_t *current; listint_t *temp; int i;

  head = NULL; add_nodeint(&head, 0); add_nodeint(&head, 1); add_nodeint(&head, 2); add_nodeint(&head, 3); add_nodeint(&head, 4); add_nodeint(&head, 98); add_nodeint(&head, 402); add_nodeint(&head, 1024); print_listint(head);

  if (check_cycle(head) == 0) printf("Linked list has no cycle\n"); else if (check_cycle(head) == 1) printf("Linked list has a cycle\n");

  current = head; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) current = current->next; temp = current->next; current->next = head;

  if (check_cycle(head) == 0) printf("Linked list has no cycle\n"); else if (check_cycle(head) == 1) printf("Linked list has a cycle\n");

  current = head; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) current = current->next; current->next = temp;

  free_listint(head);

  return (0); } carrie@ubuntu:/0x00$ gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89 10-main.c 10-check_cycle.c 10-linked_lists.c -o cycle carrie@ubuntu:/0x00$$ ./cycle 1024 402 98 4 3 2 1 0 Linked list has no cycle Linked list has a cycle carrie@ubuntu:~/0x00$