alsg00/cheatsheet

Educational repository

Console basics

Navigation

• pwd - show current directory.
• ls - show list of files and folders in the current directory.
• cd [directory] - move to specified folder.
• cd .. - move to parent folder.
• cd ~ - move to home directory.
• cd / - move to root directory.

Working with files and folders

Creating

• touch [filename] - create file with specified name.
• touch [filename_1] [filename_2] ... - create few files with specified names.
• mkdir [foldername] - create directory ith specified name.

Copying and moving

• cp [filename] [directory] - copy specified file to a specified directory.
• mv [filename] [directory] - move specified file to a specified directory.

Reading

• cat [filename] - read text file content.

Removing

• rm [filename] - remove specified file.
• rmdir [folder-name] - remove specified directory.
• rm -r [directory] - remove specified directory and all nested files and directories.

Useful Features

• You do not have to type and execute commands in turn.
  You can specify them by a list - divide by two ampersands (&&).
• The console has its own memory - a buffer with the last few commands.
  They can be moved with up and down arrow keys.
• To avoid typing the name of a file or folder completely,
  you can type the first name characters and double-click Tab.
  If the file or folder is in the current directory,
  the command line will add the path itself.

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Git basics

Repository initialization

• git init - initialise a repository.

Synchronizing local and remote repositories

• git remote add origin [remote-repo-url] - bind a local repository to a remote one with specified URL.
• git remote -v - check if repos was really binded.
• git push -u origin main - at first time, upload all the commits from a local repository to a remote one.
• git push - upload commits to a remoted repository after it was binded with -u flag.

Preparing file for a commit

• git add [filename]- prepare specified file for commit.
• git add --all - prepare all the new and modified files for commit.
• git add . - prepare a current folder and all nested files for commit.

Creating and publishing a commit

• git commit -m "[message]" - make a commit and leave a commentary for easier understanding of what changes was made.
• git push - add changes to remote repository.

Checking informtaion about commits

• git log - show detailed commit history.
• git log --oneline - show brief information about commits: shortened hash and the message.

Checking for files state

• git status - show currrent repository state.

Adding changes to last commit

• git commit --amend --no-edit - add changes to a last commit and keep message the same.
• git commit --amend -m "[message]" - replace message for a last commit with new [message].

Rollback files and commits

• git restore --staged [filename]- change specified file from staged state to untracked or modified state.
• git restore [filename] - return file to its last version that was saved via git commit or git add.
• git reset --hard [commit-hash]- remove all the changes from workzone and staging zone and rollback them to a specified commit.

Checking for changes

• git diff - show the difference between modified files and last saved files.
• git diff [commit-hash-1] [commit-hash-2] - show the difference between two commits.
• git diff --staged - show the changes in staged files.

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Git branches

Cloning someone's els repository

• git clone [remote-repo-url] - clone specified remote repository on local machine.

Branches creating

• git branch [branch-name] - create a new branch called [branch-name] from the current.
• git checkout -b [branch-name] - create a new branch called [branch-name] and switch to it.

Navigating through branches

• git branch - show available branches in a current repository.
• git checkout [branch-name] - switch to a specified branch.

Branches comparing

• git diff main HEAD - show the difference between main branch and pointer to HEAD.
• git diff HEAD~2 HEAD - sow the difference between the commit that was two commits ago and the current one.

Branches removing

• git branch -d [branch-name] - remove specified branch but only if it's part of the main branch.
• git branch -D [branch-name] - remove specified branch even if it's not the part of the main branch.

Branches merging

• git merge [branch-name] - merge specified branch with current active branch.

Working with remote repository

• git push -u origin [branch-name] - push new branch to a remote repository and bind a local branch with a remote one, so for further commits and puashes you could use the command without -u.
• git push [branch-name] - push aadditional changes to a specified branch, which is already exists in a remote repository.
• git pull - download changes for a current branch from a remote repository.