Black-it is an easy-to-use toolbox designed to help you calibrate the parameters in your agent-based models and simulations (ABMs), using state-of-the-art techniques to sample the parameter search space, with no need to reinvent the wheel.
Models from economics, epidemiology, biology, logistics, and more can be dealt with. The software can be used as-is - if your main interest is the ABM model itself. However, in case your research thing is to, e.g., devise new sampling strategies for ginormous search spaces and highly non-linear model, then you can deploy and test your new ideas on a solid, reusable, modular foundation, in a matter of days, with no need to reimplement all the plumbings from scratch.
This project requires Python v3.8 or later.
To install the latest version of the package from PyPI:
pip install black-it
Or, directly from GitHub:
pip install git+https://github.com/bancaditalia/black-it.git#egg=black-it
If you'd like to contribute to the package, please read the CONTRIBUTING.md guide.
Due to a dependency on the tables package, installing Black-it on Apple Silicon machines can sometimes require specifying the path to the HDF5 executable as explained here.
The GitHub repo of Black-it contains a series ready-to-run calibration examples.
To experiment with them, simply clone the repo and enter the examples folder
git clone https://github.com/bancaditalia/black-it.git
cd black-it/examples
You'll find several scripts and notebooks. The following is the script named main.py, note that copying and pasting
the lines below will not work in general as the script needs to be inside the "examples" folder in order to run correctly.
import models.simple_models as md
from black_it.calibrator import Calibrator
from black_it.loss_functions.msm import MethodOfMomentsLoss
from black_it.samplers.best_batch import BestBatchSampler
from black_it.samplers.halton import HaltonSampler
from black_it.samplers.random_forest import RandomForestSampler
true_params = [0.20, 0.20, 0.75]
bounds = [
[0.10, 0.10, 0.10], # LOWER bounds
[1.00, 1.00, 1.00], # UPPER bounds
]
bounds_step = [0.01, 0.01, 0.01] # Step size in range between bounds
batch_size = 8
halton_sampler = HaltonSampler(batch_size=batch_size)
random_forest_sampler = RandomForestSampler(batch_size=batch_size)
best_batch_sampler = BestBatchSampler(batch_size=batch_size)
# define a model to be calibrated
model = md.MarkovC_KP
# generate a synthetic dataset to test the calibrator
N = 2000
seed = 1
real_data = model(true_params, N, seed)
# define a loss
loss = MethodOfMomentsLoss()
# define the calibration seed
calibration_seed = 1
# initialize a Calibrator object
cal = Calibrator(
samplers=[halton_sampler, random_forest_sampler, best_batch_sampler],
real_data=real_data,
model=model,
parameters_bounds=bounds,
parameters_precision=bounds_step,
ensemble_size=3,
loss_function=loss,
random_state=calibration_seed,
)
# calibrate the model
params, losses = cal.calibrate(n_batches=15)
print(f"True parameters: {true_params}")
print(f"Best parameters found: {params[0]}")When the calibration terminates (~half a minute), towards the end of the output you should see the following messages:
True parameters: [0.2, 0.2, 0.75]
Best parameters found: [0.19 0.21 0.68]
Black-it calibration is initiated via the Calibrator which, when called, performs three main steps.
First, a Sampler is summoned to suggest a set of promising parameter configurations to explore.
Second, the model to be calibrated is simulated for all the selected parameters.
Third, a specific loss function, measuring the goodness of fitness of the simulation data with respect to the real data, is evaluated.
These steps are performed in a loop, and this allows the samplers to progress towards better parameter values by exploiting the knowledge of previously computed loss functions.
A more detailed explanation of how Black-it works is available here, while the full documentation -complete with examples and tutorials- is available here.
A description of the package is available here.
Please consider citing it if you found this package useful for your research
@article{black_it,
title = {Black-it: A Ready-to-Use and Easy-to-Extend Calibration Kit for Agent-based Models},
journal = {Journal of Open Source Software},
publisher = {The Open Journal},
year = {2022},
volume = {7},
number = {79},
pages = {4622},
doi = {10.21105/joss.04622},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04622},
author = {Marco Benedetti and
Gennaro Catapano and
Francesco {De Sclavis} and
Marco Favorito and
Aldo Glielmo and
Davide Magnanimi and
Antonio Muci}
}This package is an outcome of a research project. All errors are those of the authors. All views expressed are personal views, not those of Bank of Italy.
* Credits to Sara Corbo for the logo.
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