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Disk is a powerful and simple file management library built with Apple's iOS Data Storage Guidelines in mind. Disk uses the new Codable protocol introduced in Swift 4 to its utmost advantage and gives you the power to persist JSON data without ever having to worry about encoding/decoding. Disk also helps you save images and other data types to disk with as little as one line of code.
Disk requires iOS 9+ and is compatible with Swift 4 projects. Therefore you must use Xcode 9 when working with Disk.
- Installation for CocoaPods:
platform :ios, '9.0'
target 'ProjectName' do
use_frameworks!
pod 'Disk', '~> 0.1.2'
end- Or embed the Disk framework into your project
And import Disk in the files you'd like to use it.
Disk currently supports file management of the following types:
Codable[Codable]UIImage[UIImage]Data[Data]
These are generally the only types you'll ever need to deal with when persisting data on iOS.
Disk follows Apple's iOS Data Storage Guidelines and therefore allows you to save files in three primary directories:
"Only documents and other data that is user-generated, or that cannot otherwise be recreated by your application, should be stored in the <Application_Home>/Documents directory and will be automatically backed up by iCloud."
"Data that can be downloaded again or regenerated should be stored in the <Application_Home>/Library/Caches directory. Examples of files you should put in the Caches directory include database cache files and downloadable content, such as that used by magazine, newspaper, and map applications.
Use this directory to write any application-specific support files that you want to persist between launches of the application or during application updates. Your application is generally responsible for adding and removing these files (see Helper Methods). It should also be able to re-create these files as needed because iTunes removes them during a full restoration of the device. In iOS 2.2 and later, the contents of this directory are not backed up by iTunes.
Note that the system may delete the Caches/ directory to free up disk space, so your app must be able to re-create or download these files as needed."
"Data that is used only temporarily should be stored in the <Application_Home>/tmp directory. Although these files are not backed up to iCloud, remember to delete those files when you are done with them so that they do not continue to consume space on the user’s device."
With all these requirements, it can be hard working with the iOS file system appropriately, which is why Disk was born. Disk makes following these tedious rules simple and fun.
Disk handles errors by throwing them. See Handling Errors Using Do-Catch.
Structs (must conform to Codable)
Let's say have a data model called Message...
struct Message: Codable {
let title: String
let body: String
}... and we want to persist a message to disk...
let message = Message(title: "Hello", body: "How are you?")try Disk.save(message, to: .caches, as: "message.json")... or maybe we want to save it in a folder...
try Disk.save(message, to: .caches, as: "Folder/message.json")... we might then want to retrieve this message later...
let retrievedMessage = try Disk.retrieve("Folder/message.json", from: .caches, as: Message.self)If you Alt + click retrievedMessage, then Xcode will show its type as Message. Pretty neat, huh?
So what happened in the background? Disk first converts message to JSON data and writes that data to a newly created file at /Library/Caches/Folder/message.json. Then when we retrieve the message, Disk automatically converts the JSON data to our Codable struct type.
What about arrays of structs?
Thanks to the power of Codable, storing and retrieving arrays of structs is just as easy as the code above.
var messages = [Message]()
for i in 0..<5 {
messages.append(Message(title: "\(i)", body: "..."))
}try Disk.save(messages, to: .caches, as: "many-messages.json")let retrievedMessages = try Disk.retrieve("many-messages.json", from: .caches, as: [Message].self)let image = UIImage(named: "nature.png")try Disk.save(image, to: .documents, as: "Album/nature.png")let retrievedImage = try Disk.retrieve("Album/nature.png", from: .documents, as: UIImage.self)Array of images
Multiple images are saved to a new folder. Each image is then named 1.png, 2.png, 3.png, etc.
var images = [UIImages]()
// ...try Disk.save(images, to: .documents, as: "FolderName/")You don't need to include the "/" after the folder name, but doing so is declarative that you're not writing all the images' data to one file, but rather as several files to a new folder.
let retrievedImages = try Disk.retrieve("FolderName", from: .documents, as: [UIImage].self)Let's say you saved a bunch of images to a folder like so:
try Disk.save(deer, to: .documents, as: "Nature/deer.png")
try Disk.save(lion, to: .documents, as: "Nature/lion.png")
try Disk.save(bird, to: .documents, as: "Nature/bird.png")And maybe you even saved a JSON file to this Nature folder:
try Disk.save(diary, to: .documents, as: "Nature/diary.json")Then you could retrieve all the images in the Nature folder like so:
let images = try Disk.retrieve("Nature", from: .documents, as: [UIImage].self)... which would return -> [deer.png, lion.png, bird.png]
If you're trying to save data like .mp4 video data for example, then Disk's methods for Data will help you work with the file system to persist all data types.
let videoData = Data(contentsOf: videoURL, options: [])try Disk.save(videoData, to: .documents, as: "anime.mp4")let retrievedData = try Disk.retrieve("anime.mp4", from: .documents, as: Data.self)Array of Data
Disk saves data files like it does images, as files in a folder.
var data = [Data]()
// ...try Disk.save(data, to: .documents, as: "videos")let retrievedVideos = try Disk.retrieve("videos", from: .documents, as: [Data].self)If you were to retrieve [Data] from a folder with images and .json files, then those files would be included in the returned value. Continuing the example from the Array of images section:
let files = try Disk.retrieve("Nature", from: .documents, as: [Data].self)... would return -> [deer.png, lion.png, bird.png, diary.json]
It's important to know when to work with the file system on the background thread. Disk is synchronous, giving you more control over read/write operations on the file system. Apple says that "because file operations involve accessing the disk, performing those operations asynchronously is almost always preferred."
Grand Central Dispatch is the best way to work with Disk asynchronously. Here's an example:
activityIndicator.startAnimating()
DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background).async {
do {
try Disk.save(largeData, to: .documents, as: "Movies/spiderman.mp4")
} catch {
// ...
}
DispatchQueue.main.async {
activityIndicator.stopAnimating()
// ...
}
}Don't forget to handle these sorts of tasks being interrupted.
- Clear an entire directory
try Disk.clear(.caches)- Remove a file/folder
try Disk.remove("video.mp4", from: .documents)- Check if file/folder exists
if Disk.exists("album", in: .documents) {
// ...
}- Move a file/folder to another directory
try Disk.move("album/", in: .documents, to: .caches)- Rename a file/folder
try Disk.rename("currentName.json", in: .documents, to: "newName.json")- Get URL for an existing file/folder
try Disk.getURL(for: "album/", in: .documents)- Mark a file/folder with the
do not backupattribute (this keeps the file/folder on disk even in low storage situations, but prevents it from being backed up by iCloud or iTunes.)
try Disk.doNotBackup("album", in: .documents)"Everything in your app’s home directory is backed up, with the exception of the application bundle itself, the caches directory, and temporary directory."
try Disk.backup("album", in: .documents)You should generally never use the .doNotBackup(:in:) and .backup(:in:) methods unless you're absolutely positive you want to persist data no matter what state the user's device is in.
Disk is thorough, meaning that it will not leave an error to chance. Almost all of Disk's methods throw errors either on behalf of Foundation's FileManager class or custom Disk Errors that are worth bringing to your attention. These errors have a lot of information, such as a description, failure reason, and recovery suggestion:
do {
if Disk.exists("posts.json", in: .documents) {
try Disk.remove("posts.json", from: .documents)
}
try Disk.save(self.posts, to: .documents, as: "posts.json")
} catch let error as NSError {
fatalError("""
Domain: \(error.domain)
Code: \(error.code)
Description: \(error.localizedDescription)
Failure Reason: \(error.localizedFailureReason ?? "")
Suggestions: \(error.localizedRecoverySuggestion ?? "")
""")
}The example above takes care of the most common error when dealing with the file system: creating a file where one already exists with the same name. In the code above, we first check if posts.json exists, remove it if it does, and then write the new data to the new file.
After developing for iOS for 7+ years, I've come across almost every method of data persistence there is to offer (Core Data, Realm, NSCoding, UserDefaults, etc.) Nothing really fit the bill except NSCoding, but there were too many hoops to jump through. After Swift 4 was released, I was really excited about the Codable protocol because I knew what it had to offer in terms of JSON coding. Working with network responses' JSON data and converting them to usable structures has never been easier. Disk aims to extend that simplicity of working with data to the file system.
Let's say we get some data back from a network request...
let _ = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) in
DispatchQueue.main.async {
guard error == nil else { fatalError(error!.localizedDescription) }
guard let data = data else { fatalError("No data retrieved") }
// ... we could directly save this data to disk...
try? Disk.save(data, to: .caches, as: "posts.json")
}
}.resume()// ... and retrieve it later as [Post]...
let posts = try? Disk.retrieve("posts.json", from: .caches, as: [Post].self)Disk takes out a lot of the tedious handy work required in coding data to the desired type, and it does it well. Disk also makes necessary but tedious tasks simple, such as clearing out the caches or temporary directory (as required by Apple's iOS Data Storage Guidelines):
try! Disk.clear(.temporary)Best of all, Disk is thorough when it comes to throwing errors, ensuring that you understand why a problem occurs when it does.
Alt + click on any of Disk's methods for detailed documentation.
Disk uses the MIT license. Please file an issue if you have any questions or if you'd like to share how you're using Disk.
Disk is in its infancy, but v0.1.2 provides the barebones of the simplest way to persist data in iOS. Please feel free to send pull requests of any features you think would add to Disk and its philosophy.
Contact me by email [email protected], or by twitter @sdrzn. Please create an issue if you come across a bug or would like a feature to be added.
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