Udemy Course : https://www.udemy.com/course/beginning-c-plus-plus-programming/learn/lecture/9535214#overview
Day 02 |
| - Section 6 (Variables and Constants) |
| - Learnt About Signed and Unsigned datatypes |
| - Use #include library for printing max and min values of dataTypes |
| - Learnt use of Constants(const) before variables |
| - Section 7 (Arrays and Vectors) |
| - Accessing and Intializing Vectors |
| - Intializing 2D vectors |
| - Once pushed_back value of vector does not change |
| - Example of above with a code - https://github.com/Coollaitar/Journey-To-Learn-CPP/blob/main/Day%2002/day02.md#section-challenge-section-7- |
| - push_back is used to add elements in vectors at the end |
| - .size() is used to print size of vector |
| - .at() is used to print or take input at particular index of vector |
| - #include vector is used while coding with vectors |
| - vector variable_name {} or () : used for declaring vector |
| - Will be starting with section 8 ( Statements and Operators ) tommorow |
Day 04 |
| - Started with Section 9 (Controlling Program Flow) |
| - If statement |
| - If-Else statement |
| - Nested If Statements |
| - Switch-Case statement and Enumeration |
| - Conditional Operator |
| - Looping |
| - For Loop |
| - Range Based For Loop |
| - #include (iomanip) , cout<<fixed<<setprecision(1); |
| - for(auto i : vec) |
| - size_t is an unsigned int |
| - You can replace size_t with int or unsigned int |
| - while loop – First checks the condition, then executes the body |
| - for loop – firstly initializes, then, condition check, execute body, update. |
| - do-while Loop |
| - continue-break and infinte loops |
| - Nested Loops |
| - Major use of vectors (size() , vector.at() , size_t) |
| - Completed Section 9 (Control Programming Flow) |
| - Will Start With Section 10 (Characters and Strings) |
Day 05 |
| - Starting With Section 10 (Characters and Strings) |
| - Character Functions #include (cctype) library |
| - C-Style String #include(cstring) |
| - Working with C-style strings |
| - cin.getline(full_name,50) helps you to print full name including space upto 50 characters or any other limit you enter |
| - isalpha() function in C++ checks if the given character is an alphabet or not |
| - C++ strings #include(string) |
| - object.substr(start_index,length) |
| - object.find(search_string) , s1 += "Jomshi" - can used for concatinating |
| - getline(cin,s1) - read entire line until '\n' (DOESNT STOP AT SPACE) |
| - getline(cin,s1,"x") - here x is an delimiter after x nothing will be printed |
| - Uppercase character come before the Lowercase character in ASCII code |
| - s1.erase(index,length) |
| - s1.find(word) , if(position != string::npos) |
| - string::npos - npos is constant static value with highest possible value for an element of type size_t and it is defined with -1 |
| - formatted_full_name.insert(index,expression); |
| - .swap() function in string |
| - Completed Section Challenge -https://github.com/Coollaitar/Journey-To-Learn-CPP/blob/main/Day%2005/day05.md |
Day 06 |
| - Starting With Functions Section |
| - #include (cmath) - cmath is library in which we can use maths function |
| - like - sqrt , cqrt , floor , ceil , round |
- Pass the parameters from function if it returns something |
| - Function Prototype |
- Program gets divided into two parts one is Header Information and Actual Implementation |
| - Parameters and Return Statement |
| - Remember the rules of PEMDAS when defining the body of your functions (P- Parentheses, E- Exponents, M- Multiplication, D- Division, A- Addition, and S- Subtraction) |
- You can add default argument values to the function eg-double function(double pi = 3.14) |
| - If you are adding default arguements in a function then declare and define function before int main() |
| - It will not work if you define it after int main() |
- Overloading Functions - Using same Name for various forms of that function |
| - Passing Arrays to C++ Function |
| - Pass by Reference |
| - Reference parameters (¶meter) |
| - Value doesnt changes even when parameter is passed into the function in main function |
| - Scope Rules |
| - Local Scope OR Block Scope |
| - Global Scope - Dont use Global Variables |
| - Local variables declared inside main function |
- How do a function call work?? |
| - Recursive Functions |
| - Section Challenge Not Completed Yet |
Day 07 |
| - Starting With Section 12 (Pointers and References) |
| - What is Pointer ? - It is the variable whose value is an address |
| - Unintialized Pointer Contains Garbage data and Points Anywhere |
| - Use nullptr |
| - All pointers have same size |
| - Dereferencing the pointer |
| - Dynamic Memory Allocation |
| - Allocating memory dynamically from the heap |
| - Create Storage Dynamically (int_ptr = new int) and (delete int_ptr) or (double_ptr = new double) |
- Relationship between Arrays and Pointers |
| - Array of Pointer prints First element of array |
- Comparing two pointer will compare address not values |
| - Pointer Arithmetic |
| - Constant In Pointer |
| - Passing Pointer To Function |
| - Returning a Pointer from a Function |
Day 08 |
| - Continuing with Pointers |
-* How to create pointer array - int *p = new int [5]; |
| - Delete the memory after using array (freeup the storage)- delete [] array_name |
| - Dangling Pointer - Pointer that is pointing to released memory |
| - dont forget to release allocated memory |
| - Use of references in pointer |
| - L values and R values |
| - L values - are the values that have names and are addressable |
| - R values - values which are not L values (right side) (cannot be modified and not addressable) |
| - Completed Section Challenge of Section 12 -https://github.com/Coollaitar/Journey-To-Learn-CPP/blob/main/Day%2008/day08.md |
| - Completed Section 12 |
Day 09 |
| - Starting with Section 13 (OPP - Classes and Objects) |
| - Procedural Programming - Focus is on processes or actions that a program takes |
| - Classes are blueprints from which objects are created |
| - Delcaring a Class and creating Objects |
- Class is terminated with ; (semicolon) |
- We are creating a User Defined Data Type |
| - Use dot operator |
| - Use arrow operator (mostly for pointers) |
- Derefrence the pointer - (*ptr).= |
| - Adding public to class is important |
| - Public and Private |
| - Public , Private , Protected |
| - Implementing Member Methods |
- Creating .h files |
| - Constructors and Destructors |
| - Constructor |
| - Overloading Constructor |
| - Destructor - Useful to release memory and other resources |
- Calling a destructor (~Player();) |
Day 10 |
| - Continuing with OPPS |
| - Default Constructor |
| - Constructor with arguements and no arguements |
| - Overloading Constructor - These are the constructors use for more number of arguements |
| - Constructor Intialization List |
| - Delegating Constructor |
| - Constructor Parameters and Default Values |
Day 11 |
| - Continuing with OOPS |
- Constructor Parameter and Default Values - No addition of No arguement constructor and One arguement constructor |
- Directly initializing constructor under public: |
| - Player empty; will not work (Ambigous) |
| - Copy Constructor |
Day 12 |
| - Copy of constructor is used to intialize the members of newly created object by copying the members of an already existing object |
- Copy of constructor has to be intialize in public: |
| - Shallow Copying with the Copy constructor |
| - Shallow Copy - Work With Heap Memory Allocation but if some variables are dynamically allocated memory from heap section then the copied object will also reference the same memory location |
- Changes are made in copy constructor to define Shallow and Deep Constructor |
- For Shallow(we use copy constructor as) - *data = source.data |
- For Deep(we use copy constructor as) - *data = *source.data |
| - Deep - Copy Heap Storage (Not copying pointer we are copying data to the pointer) |
- Shallow And Deep Copy Are One Of The Most Important Topic According To Me |
| - Move Constructors |
| - Can be used for efficiency |
- Single & refers to L value and Double && refers to R value |
| - Move Constructor moves the resources in the heap |
- Intialization in public: of Move Constructor : Move(Move &&source)noexcept; |
- source.data = nullptr;: Important step or it will end up doing shallow copy |
- The this Pointer |
- Using const with Classes - std::string get_name() const{return name} |
| - Static Class Members |
| - Struct V/s Classes (Just Use Classes) |
- Objects are by default public in Structs and private in Classes |
- Friends of a Class - A Function or a Class that has access to the private class members (Will be used in next section in Operator Overloading) |
| - Section Challenge 13 remaining |
Day 13 |
| - Will Do Section Challenge in some time |
| - Starting With Section Operator Overloading |
- What is Operator Overloading ? - Using Traditional Operators |
| - Makes Code Easily Readable and Understandable |
| - Assignment operator must be declared as the member methods |
Day 14 |
| - Continuing with section Section 14 |
- We store Declaration of class in Mystring.h file and Initialization in Mystring.cpp file and calling in main.cpp |
| - Overloading the Assignment Operator (copy) |
| - Copy Assignment Operator (=) |
Day 15 |
| - Operator Overloading Provides us Flexibility |
- Overloading Assignment Operator (deep copy) is intialized - Mystring &Mystring :: operator = (const Mystring &rhs); |
- Steps for deep copy - 1) Allocate storage for deep copy : str = new char [std::strlen(rhs.str) + 1] |
| - We need extra space for terminator |
- Perform the copy : std::strcpy(str,rhs.str); |
| - Return the current by reference to allow chain assignment : return *this; |
| - |
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