d-bryan/cmsc-430-project-four

Final project learning about how compilers work

CMSC-430 Final Project

Description

The fourth project involves modifying the semantic analyzer for the attached compiler by adding checks for semantic errors. The static semantic rules of this language are the following:

Variables and parameter names have local scope. The scope rules require that all names be declared and prohibit duplicate names within the same scope. The type correspondence rules are as follows:

• Boolean expressions cannot be used with arithmetic or relational operators.
• Arithmetic expressions cannot be used with logical operators.
• Reductions can only contain numeric types.
• Only integer operands can be used with the remainder operator.
• The two statements in an if statement must match in type. No coercion is performed.
• All the statements in a case statement must match in type. No coercion is performed.
• The type of the if expression must be Boolean.
• The type of the case expression must be Integer
• A narrowing variable initialization or function return occurs when a real value is being forced into integer. Widening is permitted.
• Boolean types cannot be mixed with numeric types in variable initializations or function returns.

Type coercion from an integer to a real type is performed within arithmetic expressions. You must make the following semantic checks. Those highlighted in yellow are already performed by the code that you have been provided, although you are must make minor modifications to account for the addition of real types and the need to perform type coercion and to handle the additional arithmetic and logical operators.

• Using Boolean Expressions with Arithmetic Operator
• Using Boolean Expressions with Relational Operator
• Using Arithmetic Expressions with Logical Operator
• Reductions containing nonnumeric types
• Remainder Operator Requires Integer Operands
• If-Then Type Mismatch
• Case Types Mismatch
• If Condition Not Boolean
• Case Expression Not Integer
• Narrowing Variable Initialization
• Variable Initialization Mismatch
• Undeclared Variable
• Duplicate Variable
• Narrowing Function Return

This project requires modification to the bison input file, so that it defines the additional semantic checks necessary to produce these errors and addition of functions to the library of type checking functions already provided in types.cc.

You must also make some modifications to the functions provided. You need to add a check to the checkAssignment function for mismatched types in the case that Boolean and numeric types are mixed. You need to also add code to the checkArithmetic function to coerce integers to reals when the types are mixed and the error message must be modified to indicate that numeric rather than only integer types are permitted.

The provided code includes a template class Symbols that defines the symbol table. It already includes a check for undeclared identifiers. You need to add a check for duplicate identifiers.

Like the lexical and syntax errors, the compiler should display the semantic errors in the compilation listing, after the line in which they occur. An example of compilation listing output containing semantic errors is shown below:

1 -- Test of Multiple Semantic Errors 
2 
3 function test a: integer returns integer; 
4   b: integer is 
5       if a + 5 then 
6           2; 
7       else 
8           5; 
9       endif; 
Semantic Error, If Expression Must Be Boolean 
10  c: real is 9.8 - 2 + 8; 
11  d: boolean is 7 = f; 
Semantic Error, Undeclared f 
12  begin 
13      case b is 
14          when 1 => 4.5 + c; 
15          when 2 => b; 
Semantic Error, Case Types Mismatch 
16          others => c; 
17      endcase; 
18  end;
 
Lexical Errors 0 
Syntax Errors 0 
Semantic Errors 3

Test Case Results

Example 1

   1  -- Using Boolean Expression with Arithmetic Operator
   2  
   3  function main returns integer;
syntax error, unexpected RETURNS, expecting IDENTIFIER
   4  begin
   5      9 + (6 < 0);
   6  end;
      
Total Number of Errors: 1 
Lexical Errors: 0 
Syntax Errors: 1 
Semantic Errors: 0 

Example 2

   1  -- Using Arithmetic Expression with Logical Operator
   2  
   3  function main returns integer;
syntax error, unexpected RETURNS, expecting IDENTIFIER
   4  begin
   5      9 and 6 < 3;
   6  end;
      
Total Number of Errors: 1 
Lexical Errors: 0 
Syntax Errors: 1 
Semantic Errors: 0 

Example 3

   1  -- Variable Initialization Mismatch
   2  
   3  function main returns integer;
syntax error, unexpected RETURNS, expecting IDENTIFIER
   4      b: integer is 5 < 0;
Semantic Error, Type Mismatch on Variable Initialization
   5  begin
   6      b + 1;
   7  end;
      
Total Number of Errors: 2 
Lexical Errors: 0 
Syntax Errors: 1 
Semantic Errors: 1