cibuildwheel

Python wheels are great. Building them across Mac, Linux, Windows, on multiple versions of Python, is not.

cibuildwheel is here to help. cibuildwheel runs on your CI server - currently it supports Travis CI, Appveyor, and Circle CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.

cibuildwheel is in beta. It's brand new - I'd love for you to try it and help make it better!

What does it do?

	macOS 10.6+	manylinux i686	manylinux x86_64	Windows 32bit	Windows 64bit
Python 2.7	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Python 3.3				⚠️	⚠️
Python 3.4	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Python 3.5	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Python 3.6	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Python 3.7	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅

[⚠️=deprecated]

Builds manylinux, macOS and Windows (32 and 64bit) wheels using Travis CI, Appveyor, and CircleCI
Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through auditwheel and delocate
Runs the library test suite against the wheel-installed version of your library

Usage

cibuildwheel currently works on Travis CI and Circle CI to build Linux and Mac wheels, and Appveyor to build Windows wheels.

cibuildwheel is not intended to run on your development machine. It will try to install packages globally; this is no good. Travis CI, Circle CI, and Appveyor run their builds in isolated environments, so are ideal for this kind of script.

Minimal setup

Create a .travis.yml file in your repo.

language: python

matrix:
  include:
    - sudo: required
      services:
        - docker
      env: PIP=pip
    - os: osx
      language: generic
      env: PIP=pip2

script:
  - $PIP install cibuildwheel==0.9.4
  - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

Then setup a deployment method by following the Travis CI deployment docs, or see Delivering to PyPI below.

Create a .circleci/config.yml file in your repo,

version: 2

jobs:
  linux-wheels:
    working_directory: ~/linux-wheels
    docker:
      - image: circleci/python:3.6
    steps:
      - checkout
      - setup_remote_docker

      - run:
          name: Build the Linux wheels.
          command: |
            pip install --user cibuildwheel
            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/

  osx-wheels:
    working_directory: ~/osx-wheels
    macos:
      xcode: "10.0.0"
    steps:
      - checkout

      - run:
          name: Build the OS X wheels.
          command: |
            pip install --user cibuildwheel
            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/

workflows:
  version: 2
  all-tests:
    jobs:
      - linux-wheels
      - osx-wheels

Circle CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console.

Create an appveyor.yml file in your repo.
```
build_script:
  - pip install cibuildwheel==0.9.4
  - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
artifacts:
  - path: "wheelhouse\\*.whl"
    name: Wheels
```
Appveyor will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console. Alternatively, you may want to store them in the same place as the Travis CI build. See Appveyor deployment docs for more info, or see Delivering to PyPI below.
Commit those files, enable building of your repo on Travis CI and Appveyor, and push.

All being well, you should get wheels delivered to you in a few minutes.

⚠️ Got an error? Check the checklist below.

Configuration overview

cibuildwheel allows for easy customization of the various phases of the build process demonstrated above:

	Option
Target wheels	`CIBW_PLATFORM`	Override the auto-detected target platform
	`CIBW_SKIP`	Skip certain Python versions
Build parameters	`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`	Increase or decrease the output of `pip wheel`
Build environment	`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`	Set environment variables needed during the build
	`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`	Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build
	`CIBW_MANYLINUX1_X86_64_IMAGE`	Specify an alternative manylinx1 x86_64 docker image
	`CIBW_MANYLINUX1_I686_IMAGE`	Specify an alternative manylinux1 i686 docker image
Tests	`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`	Execute a shell command to test all built wheels
	`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`	Install Python dependencies before running the tests

A more detailed description of the options, the allowed values, and some examples can be found in the Options section.

Linux builds on Docker

Linux wheels are built in the manylinux1 docker images to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to PEP 513. Because of this, when building with cibuildwheel on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:

Programs and libraries cannot be installed on the Travis CI Ubuntu host with apt-get, but can be installed inside of the Docker image using yum or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building. cibuildwheel supports this by providing the CIBW_ENVIRONMENT and CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD options to setup the build environment inside the running Docker image. See below for details on these options.
The project directory is mounted in the running Docker instance as /project, the output directory for the wheels as /output. In general, this is handled transparently by cibuildwheel. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as /host, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system. Note that this is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
Alternative dockers images can be specified with the CIBW_MANYLINUX1_X86_64_IMAGE and CIBW_MANYLINUX1_I686_IMAGE options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See below for more details.

Options

usage: cibuildwheel [-h]
                    [--output-dir OUTPUT_DIR]
                    [--platform PLATFORM]
                    [project_dir]
    
Build wheels for all the platforms.

positional arguments:
  project_dir           Path to the project that you want wheels for.
                        Default: the current directory.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --platform {auto,linux,macos,windows}
                        Platform to build for. For "linux" you need docker
                        running, on Mac or Linux. For "macos", you need a Mac
                        machine, and note that this script is going to
                        automatically install MacPython on your system, so
                        don't run on your development machine. For "windows",
                        you need to run in Windows, and it will build and test
                        for all versions of Python at C:\PythonXX[-x64].
  --output-dir OUTPUT_DIR
                        Destination folder for the wheels.

Most of the config is via environment variables. These go into .travis.yml, appveyor.yml, and .circleci/config.yml nicely.

Environment variable: `CIBW_PLATFORM`	Command line argument: `--platform`

Options: auto linux macos windows

Default: auto

auto will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as TRAVIS_OS_NAME/APPVEYOR/CIRCLECI.

For linux you need Docker running, on Mac or Linux. For macos, you need a Mac machine, and note that this script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system, so don't run on your development machine. For windows, you need to run in Windows, and it will build and test for all versions of Python at C:\PythonXX[-x64].

Environment variable: `CIBW_SKIP`

Optional.

Space-separated list of builds to skip. Each build has an identifier like cp27-manylinux1_x86_64 or cp34-macosx_10_6_intel - you can list ones to skip here and cibuildwheel won't try to build them.

The format is python_tag-platform_tag. The tags are as defined in PEP 0425.

Python tags look like cp27 cp34 cp35 cp36 cp37

Platform tags look like macosx_10_6_intel manylinux1_x86_64 manylinux1_i686 win32 win_amd64

You can also use shell-style globbing syntax (as per fnmatch)

Examples:

Skip building on Python 2.7 on the Mac: cp27-macosx_10_6_intel
Skip building on Python 2.7 on all platforms: cp27-*
Skip Python 2.7 on Windows: cp27-win*
Skip Python 2.7 on 32bit Windows: cp27-win32
Skip Python 3.4 and Python 3.5: cp34-* cp35-*
Skip Python 3.6 on Linux: cp36-manylinux*
Only build on Python 3.6: cp27-* cp34-* cp35-*

Environment variable: `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`

Optional.

An number from 1 to 3 to increase the level of verbosity (corresponding to invoking pip with -v, -vv, and -vvv), between -1 and -3 (-q, -qq, and -qqq), or just 0 (default verbosity). These flags are useful while debugging a build when the output of the actual build invoked by pip wheel is required.

Platform-specific variants also available: CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_MACOS | CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_WINDOWS | CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_LINUX

Environment variable: `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`

Optional.

A space-separated list of environment variables to set during the build. Bash syntax should be used (even on Windows!).

You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a Docker container). It also works for the other platforms.

You can use $PATH syntax to insert other variables, or the $(pwd) syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.

Example: CFLAGS="-g -Wall" CXXFLAGS="-Wall"
Example: PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
Example: BUILD_TIME="$(date)"
Example: PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.myorg.com/simple"

Platform-specific variants also available: CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_MACOS | CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS | CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX

In addition to the above, cibuildwheel always defines the environment variable CIBUILDWHEEL=1. This can be useful for building wheels with optional extensions.

Environment variable: `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`

Optional.

A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run a command in each Python environment before the pip wheel command. This is useful if you need to set up some dependency so it's available during the build.

If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), set this to pip install ., and the dependencies will be installed automatically by pip. However, this means your package will be built twice - if your package takes a long time to build, you might wish to manually list the dependencies here instead.

The active Python binary can be accessed using python, and pip with pip; cibuildwheel makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. {project} can be used as a placeholder for the absolute path to the project's root.

Example: pip install .
Example: pip install pybind11
Example: yum install -y libffi-dev && pip install .

Platform-specific variants also available:
CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_MACOS | CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS | CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_LINUX

Environment variables: `CIBW_MANYLINUX1_X86_64_IMAGE` and `CIBW_MANYLINUX1_I686_IMAGE`

Optional.

An alternative docker image to be used for building manylinux1 wheels. cibuildwheel will then pull these instead of the official images, quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64 and quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686.

Beware to specify a valid docker image that can be used the same as the official, default docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in /opt/python/, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be manylinux1-compatible in order to produce valid manylinux1 wheels (see https://github.com/pypa/manylinux and PEP 513 for more details).

Example: dockcross/manylinux-x64
Example: dockcross/manylinux-x86

Environment variable: `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`

Optional.

Shell command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed automatically and available for import from the tests. {project} can be used as a placeholder for the absolute path to the project's root and will be replaced by cibuildwheel.

On Linux and Mac, the command runs in a shell, so you can write things like cmd1 && cmd2.

Example: nosetests {project}/tests

Platform-specific variants also available: CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS | CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS | CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX

Environment variable: `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`

Optional.

Space-separated list of dependencies required for running the tests.

Example: pytest
Example: nose==1.3.7 moto==0.4.31

Platform-specific variants also available: CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_MACOS | CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_WINDOWS | CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_LINUX

Example YML syntax

example .travis.yml environment variables

env:
  global:
    - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=nose
    - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="nosetests {project}/tests"

example appveyor.yml environment variables

environment:
  global:
    CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: nose
    CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "nosetests {project}\\tests"

Delivering to PyPI

After you've built your wheels, you'll probably want to deliver them to PyPI.

Manual method

On your development machine, do the following...

# Clear out your 'dist' folder. 
rm -rf dist
# Make a source distribution
python setup.py sdist

# 🏃🏻
# Go and download your wheel files from wherever you put them. Put 
# them all into the 'dist' folder.

# Upload using 'twine' (you may need to 'pip install twine')
twine upload dist/*

Semi-automatic method using wheelhouse-uploader

Obviously, manual steps are for chumps, so we can automate this a little by using wheelhouse-uploader.

Quick note from me - using S3 as a storage didn't work due to a bug in libcloud. Feel free to use my fork of that package that fixes the bug pip install https://github.com/joerick/libcloud/archive/v1.5.0-s3fix.zip

Automatic method

If you don't need much control over the release of a package, you can set up cibuildwheel to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. This doesn't require any cloud storage to work - you just need to bump the version and tag it.

Check out this example repo for instructions on how to set this up.

It didn't work!

If your wheel didn't compile, check the list below for some debugging tips.

A mistake in your config. To quickly test your config without doing a git push and waiting for your code to build on CI, you can run the Linux build in a Docker container. On Mac or Linux, with Docker running, try cibuildwheel --platform linux. You'll have to bring your config into the current environment first.
Missing dependency. You might need to install something on the build machine. You can do this in .travis.yml, appveyor.yml, or .circleci/config.yml, with apt-get, brew or whatever Windows uses :P . Given how the Linux build works, we'll probably have to build something into cibuildwheel. Let's chat about that over in the issues!
Windows: missing C feature. The Windows C compiler doesn't support C language features invented after 1990, so you'll have to backport your C code to C90. For me, this mostly involved putting my variable declarations at the top of the function like an animal.

Working examples

Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.

Add repo here! Send a PR.

Legal note

Since cibuildwheel runs the wheel through delocate or auditwheel, it will automatically bundle library dependencies. This is similar to static linking, so it might have some licence implications. Check the license for any code you're pulling in to make sure that's allowed.

Changelog

0.9.4

🛠 CIBW_TEST_COMMAND now runs in a shell on Mac (as well as Linux) (#81)

0.9.3

🛠 Update to Python 3.6.6 on macOS (#82)
✨ Add support for building Python 3.7 wheels on Windows (#76)
⚠️ Deprecated support for Python 3.3 on Windows.

0.9.2

🛠 Update Python 3.7.0rc1 to 3.7.0 on macOS (#79)

0.9.1

🛠 Removed the need to use {python} and {pip} in CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD statements, by ensuring the correct version is always on the path at python and pip instead. (#60)
🛠 We now patch the _ssl module on Python 3.4 and 3.5 so these versions can still make SSL web requests using TLS 1.2 while building. (#71)

0.9.0

✨ Add support for Python 3.7 (#73)

0.8.0

⚠️ Drop support for Python 3.3 on Linux (#67)
🐛 Fix TLS by updating setuptools (#69)

0.7.1

🐛 macOS: Fix Pip bugs resulting from PyPI TLS 1.2 enforcement
🐛 macOS: Fix brew Python3 version problems in the CI

0.7.0

✨ You can now specify a custom docker image using the CIBW_MANYLINUX1_X86_64_IMAGE and CIBW_MANYLINUX1_I686_IMAGE options. (#46)
🐛 Fixed a bug where cibuildwheel would download and build a package from PyPI(!) instead of building the package on the local machine. (#51)

0.6.0

✨ On the Linux build, the host filesystem is now accessible via /host (#36)
🐛 Fixed a bug where setup.py scripts would run the wrong version of Python when running subprocesses on Linux (#35)

0.5.1

🐛 Fixed a couple of bugs on Python 3.
✨ Added experimental support for Mac builds on Bitrise.io

0.5.0

✨ CIBW_ENVIRONMENT added. You can now set environment variables for each build, even within the Docker container on Linux. This is a big one! (#21)
✨ CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD now runs in a system shell on all platforms. You can now do things like CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD="cmd1 && cmd2". (#32)

0.4.1

🐛 Fixed a bug on Windows where subprocess' output was hidden (#23)
🐛 Fixed a bug on Appveyor where logs would appear in the wrong order due to output buffering (#24, thanks @YannickJadoul!)

0.4.0

🐛 Fixed a bug that was increasing the build time by building the wheel twice. This was a problem for large projects that have a long build time. If you're upgrading and you need the old behaviour, use CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD={pip} install ., or install exactly the dependencies you need in CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD. See #18.

0.3.0

⚠️ Removed Python 2.6 support on Linux (#12)

0.2.1

11 June 2017

🛠 Changed the build process to install the package before building the wheel - this allows direct dependencies to be installed first (#9, thanks @tgarc!)
✨ Added Python 3 support for the main process, for systems where Python 3 is the default (#8, thanks @tgarc).

0.2.0

13 April 2017

✨ Added CIBW_SKIP option, letting users explicitly skip a build
✨ Added CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD option, letting users run a shell command before the build starts

0.1.3

31 March 2017

🌟 First public release!

Contributing

Wheel-building is pretty complex. I expect users to find many edge-cases - please help the rest of the community out by documenting these, adding features to support them, and reporting bugs.

I plan to be pretty liberal in accepting pull requests, as long as they align with the design goals below.

cibuildwheel is indie open source. I'm not paid to work on this.

Design Goals

cibuildwheel should wrap the complexity of wheel building.
The user interface to cibuildwheel is the build script (e.g. .travis.yml). Feature additions should not increase the complexity of this script.
Options should be environment variables (these lend themselves better to YML config files). They should be prefixed with CIBW_.
Options should be generalise to all platforms. If platform-specific options are required, they should be namespaced e.g. CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS

Other notes:

The platforms are very similar, until they're not. I'd rather have straight-forward code than totally DRY code, so let's keep airy platfrom abstractions to a minimum.
I might want to break the options into a shared config file one day, so that config is more easily shared. That has motivated some of the design decisions.

Maintainers

Joe Rickerby @joerick
Tomas Garcia @tgarc
Yannick Jadoul @YannickJadoul
Matthieu Darbois @mayeut

Credits

cibuildwheel stands on the shoulders of giants.

⭐️ @matthew-brett for matthew-brett/multibuild and matthew-brett/delocate
@PyPA for the manylinux Docker images pypa/manylinux
@ogrisel for wheelhouse-uploader and run_with_env.cmd

Massive props also to-

@zfrenchee for help debugging many issues
@lelit for some great bug reports and contributions
@mayeut for a phenomenal PR patching Python itself for better compatibility!

dalavancloud / cibuildwheel Goto Github PK

cibuildwheel's Introduction

cibuildwheel

What does it do?

Usage

Minimal setup

Configuration overview

Linux builds on Docker

Options

Example YML syntax

Delivering to PyPI

Manual method

Semi-automatic method using wheelhouse-uploader

Automatic method

It didn't work!

Working examples

Legal note

Changelog

0.9.4

0.9.3

0.9.2

0.9.1

0.9.0

0.8.0

0.7.1

0.7.0

0.6.0

0.5.1

0.5.0

0.4.1

0.4.0

0.3.0

0.2.1

0.2.0

0.1.3

Contributing

Design Goals

Maintainers

Credits

See also

cibuildwheel's People

Contributors

Stargazers

Watchers

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