Blockchain for Supply Chain Traceability and Governance in the Agri-food Sector
Tracer provides a transparent, secure, and decentralized ledger of transactions recorded throughout the supply chain. It also incorporates an external file system to record large artifacts of product information, e.g. images, aiding consumers in making a more informed purchase decision. The reliability of our system makes for efficient product identification in the event of a food safety incident. Our proposal introduces a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) as the regulatory body of our system. This DAO allows for decentralized decision-making while maintaining regulatory oversight, setting it apart from other traceability systems. Moreover, the system offers user-friendly interfaces, including a consumer-oriented timeline design accessed via QR codes on product packaging.
Demo
Demo.mp4
Blockchain
- Install:
$npm i - Node:
$npx hardhat node - Deploy:
$npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network localhost
Frontend
- Install:
$npm i - ENV:
$cp .env.example .envand fill necessary values - Server:
$npm start dev
IPFS
- Kubo (server):
$(cd ipfs; docker-compose up -d) - Interact:
$cp FILE ipfs/ipfs_staging; docker exec ipfs ipfs add /export/FILE
Gas report
- hardhat gas-reporter: run test
npx hardhat test
Comparing DAO with Openzeppelin Governance Release v0.2-dev with DAO improvements and simplifications v0.3-dev
Deployment cost improvement of around 59%.
Not considering TraceabilityContractFactory contract for cost calculations (cost has increased but is unrelated with DAO).
Calculations on 28/07/2023 with: avg gas 15 gwei/gas and 1540 eur/eth:
(Considering only contracts from OpenZeppelin governance and their conterpart version made by us)
All values considerer deployment with compiler optimizations on (1000 runs).
- old deployment cost: 8,335,718 gas (192.55 euros).
- new deployment cost: 2,337,982 gas (54.01 euros)
- 71% difference
Method gas comparison:
50% decrease in execution costs when considering a typical governance workflow.
DAO:
- OpenZeppelin: as an inspiration Governance
- Guide to deploy OpenZeppelin Governance contract: dao-template by PatrickAlphaC
Blockchain
Hardhat as development framework, using extensions:
- hardhat-ethers, for integration with ethersjs
- hardhat-deploy, for deployment scripts
- gas-reporter, for reports on gas cost (usage and deployment)
Smart contracts written in Solidity. Scripts and tests written in Typescript.
Developed for EVM compatible blockchains (Ethereum).
Frontend
Next.js as development framework, using:
- React, library for building frontend
- TailwindCSS, a CSS styling framework
- Ethers, a library for interacting with Ethereum and Ethereum-like blockchains.
- swr, a React library for remote data fetching and caching.
- react-hot-toast, a toast notification library for React.
All files written with Typescript.
IPFS
- For development, using a Docker container running Kubo (default IPFS implementation in Go)
- For production or other, possible to use external pining services and gateways like pinata
I'd like to thank @susmonteiro for her invaluable support, and especially for sharing some of her creativity and design insights with me.
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