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NLP-Tutorial

Bag-of-Words

基本概念

詞袋的概念就是將文字所包含的所有字詞都整理出來後,丟進一個袋子裡裝起來。而其排列的順序關係是不具意義的,重要的是出現過哪些字。 可以做成像右邊的表,顯示每個字在文章中出現幾次,這就是詞袋模型的主要概念。

缺點

  • 容易造成維度災難(curse of dimensionality)
  • 向量表達過於鬆散(sparse)
  • 無法表達詞和詞之間的語意關係

Word to Vectors

Word2Vec 是一種 Word Embedding 的方法,而所謂鑲嵌(embedding)指的是鑲嵌入一個空間的概念,並且在其中有可以表達自己的一個形式。空間概念可能有很多種不同的概念,例如(x,y,z)的座標空間。而 Word Embedding就是要怎麼表示一個字,讓他可以鑲嵌入語言模型中。

開發者希望每個詞彙可以表達出在語義上面的意義,而想出了一個想法,而基於這個想法建立了兩個模型去實作,分別是 CBoW(連續詞袋模型) 和 Skip-gram。

Regexes

Stemming & Lemmatization

Stopwords

Spell correction

Sentiment

POS tagging

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