An introduction to the web framework Django.
The following graph shows a simplified model of the two web app ideal types.
The following graph shows a simplified model of the inner workings of Django with focus on server-side-rendering (via templating) and some JavaScript (JS) usage on the client side.
- Batteries included (e.g. admin backend)
- Fast development time
- Many third-party packages
- Django's Object Relational Mapping (ORM) is easy
Let's build an app.
[This tutorial was made on an GNU/Linux operating system (Ubuntu 18.04) and might be adjusted for usage with other operating systems]
- First you need Git, Python (>= 3.6) with Virtualenv and Pip installed. If you are under Linux/Mac this should be a no-brainer, if you use Windows and you don't have a Git, Python, Virtualenv and Pip workflow yet, please read this tutorial for Pip and Virtualenv installation/usage and visit this link to download/install Git.
- If not already downloaded/installed, download/install Git, Python (>= 3.6), Pip (normally comes with Python) and Virtualenv
- Open the console (aka terminal, shell) on your computer
- Create a project directory in your terminal:
mkdir -p path/to/projectfolder
- CD into your project directory:
cd path/to/projectfolder
- Create a virtual environment with Virtualenv:
virtualenv venv --python=python3.6
- Activate the virtual environment:
source venv/bin/activate
- Install Django:
pip install django
- Initialize Django project:
django-admin startproject hello_project
- CD into your "Django" project directory:
cd hello_project
- Initialize Django app:
python manage.py startapp hello_app
- Add hello_app to installed apps in hello_project/settings.py:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'hello_app',
]
- Create a model Person in hello_app/models.py:
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
def __str__(self):
return '{} {}'.format(self.first_name, self.last_name)
- Register Person model in admin panel in hello_app/admin.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Person
admin.site.register(Person)
- Make migrations and migrate project:
python manage.py makemigrations
(Info: python manage.py showmigrations)
(Info: python manage.py sqlmigrate hello_app 0001)
python manage.py migrate
- Create an admin account:
python manage.py createsuperuser
- Start the development server:
python manage.py runserver
- Go to 127.0.0.1:8000/admin and add some persons.
- Create a view named hello in hello_app/views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Person
def hello(request):
persons = Person.objects.all()
context = {
'persons': persons
}
return render(request, 'hello_app/hello.html', context)
- Create an template folder in hello_app/templates/hello_app:
mkdir -p hello_app/templates/hello_app
- Create an HTML template in hello_app/templates/hello_app/hello.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello App</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello:</h1>
{% for person in persons %}
<li>{{ person.first_name }} {{ person.last_name }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>
- Register your hello view to an URL in hello_project/urls.py:
...
from hello_app.views import hello
urlpatterns = [
...
path('', hello),
]
- Go to 127.0.0.1:8000 and enjoy your very basic and not so nice looking app 😉
- Read the official documentation (its worth it)!
- Do the official get started tutorial
- Two other, very good tutorials: write a blog system (videos), write a simple geo app (with GeoDjango)
- Django design philosophies
React
Typescript
Django
Laravel
Facebook
Microsoft
Google
Alibaba
D3
Tencent