This study presents the etymologies of Kurdish words as having a possible Hurro-Urartian origin (as opposed to Indo-European) [1]. As far as we know, there is no meticulous research conducted in this regard. Due to a lack of interest in Kurdish studies, the majority of the previous works are generally considering the IE substratum of the Kurdish language while neglecting the HU root. Apart from pseudo-scientific language comparisons, which aim at setting up unrealistic postulations and naive historical correlations between languages (sometimes used to justify other assertions), this article demonstrates genetic relatedness between Kurdish and Urartian as well as Hurrian and Kassite, (also a few Armenian lexical possible relations).
Urartian language is considered a Hurro-Urartian language which was the main language of the inhabitants of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu (a.k.a. Kingdom of Van) (Biaini or Biainili in Urartian). The kingdom was a grographical region centered around lake Van in the northern Kurdistan (south-eastern Anatolia).
The first clear evidence in the 9th century BCE, Urartian came to an end to be written following the fall of the Urartian kingdom in 585 BCE. There is not much known from the Urartian language (about 300 words), though, the majority of its known vocab has an identical or at least a closely related peer in modern Kurdish.
The pre-Indo-European and pre-Iranic substratum in Kurdish is so remarkable that it would be safe to bring up Kurdish as a creole language.
It is worth mentioning that, for the majority of the words in IE Kurdish, there are multiple native equivalents (non-IE Kurdish words). starting from northwest Kurdistan, the more southeast you go the more IE becomes noticeable, both in terms of its lexemes and grammar. Also, the Kurdish grammar will be covered in a separate study (or maybe here), and it can be seen that it has maintained its structure almost perfectly while from various aspects, it is completely different from Indo-Iranic languages.
This process is still being developed and the following table needs further modification. Also, the python codes are over-engineered, therefore, need to be generalized to cope with different sources.
For contributions, please visit the contribution section at the end of the page.
The table gives the Urartian word first, followed by its definition, and then the morphological transcription in Kurdish as well as the definition. The same goes for other languages.
| Urartian | Kurdish | Hurrian | Kassite | Armenian | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| word | glossary | notes | word | glossary | notes | word | glossary | notes | word | glossary | notes | word | glossary | notes | |
| 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | ale | he says | ale ئەڵێ | he says | |||||||||||
| 2 | shuri | sword | shur شوور | sword | i>∅ | sowr | |||||||||
| 3 | kuri | foot, leg | qul قول | foot, leg | Frequent sound changes: Kurdish k>q, l>r, i>∅ | ||||||||||
| 4 | xur | deep | xur/qul/kur خووڕ/قوول/کوور , | deep | |||||||||||
| 5 | 'kol-[în]' کۆڵین , kêla | to digg plow | g>k, u>o | agul | carve | ||||||||||
| 6 | shini | you, plural | hin هین/هون | you, plural | sh>h a regular sound change in kurdish | ||||||||||
| 7 | apa | he/she/it | awa, aw/ava, av ئەوە | he/she/it | p>w and p>v | ||||||||||
| 8 | sale | kid | zaro زارۆ | kid | s>z, e>o, l>r | jar | he-goat | ||||||||
| 9 | tali | stick | têla | stick | kurdish a>ê | ||||||||||
| 10 | papi/bab/babani | mountain top | pope پۆپە, bani بانی, ban بان | head mountain top | sometimes i>∅ | ||||||||||
| 11 | qal/kar | kill/slay, subjugate | qir قڕ | kill, slay | kurdish a>i, l>r | ||||||||||
| 12 | sher شەڕ | war | shur | war | |||||||||||
| 13 | bidia | turn | bada-n بادان | turn | |||||||||||
| 14 | da | give | da, دا | give | IE languages have a similar lexeme | ||||||||||
| 15 | xus/hush | throw | xis-[tin] / hawish-[tin] خستن/هاویشتن | throw | kurdish u>i | ||||||||||
| 16 | karbe | rock, stone | karra کەڕا | rock, stone | b>∅ | qar | rock, stone | ||||||||
| 17 | quira | earth, dust | qur, xol قوڕ/خۆڵ | earth, dust | |||||||||||
| 18 | ard ئەرد, hard هەرد | earth, soil | kurdish rt > rd, (also sometimes a- >ha-) | arte | earth, soil | ||||||||||
| 19 | $erab | dry | chora چۆڕا, choraw | dry | b>∅, also b>w | caraw | dry | ||||||||
| 20 | eue | and | u ئوو | and | |||||||||||
| 21 | tur | to leave | tor-[an], تۆران | to leave | u>o | ||||||||||
| 22 | ul | to go | lu-wan لوان | to go | Metathesis | ||||||||||
| 23 | ulhu | order | ol ئۆل | religion | u>o | ||||||||||
| 24 | bura | slave, servant | bora بۆرە | commoner, low-class | u>o | ||||||||||
| 25 | xarxar | destroy | xirxal خرخاڵ (ex. بوە بە خرخاڵ -واتە وردوخاڵ بوە)، xal خاڵ as in [wirdu]xal وردوخاڵ | destroyed | |||||||||||
| 26 | ale | but | lê لێ | but | a>∅ | ||||||||||
| 27 | duli | grape | trê, tirî ترێ | grape | d>t, l>r and u>i | toli | grape | ||||||||
| 28 | kapi | capacity measure | kap/qap کاپ/قاپ | capacity measure | final i>∅ | ||||||||||
| 29 | nah | to bring | hên-an/han-în هانین/هێنان | to bring | metathesis of consonants (n and h) | ||||||||||
| 30 | pare | toward | pîr پیر , | toward | a>î | ||||||||||
| 31 | pile | water canal | pil-û-sk پلووسک | water canal, rain canal | |||||||||||
| 32 | tan | lay down | dan-[an] دانان | lay down | t>d (sometimes the vice versa) | ||||||||||
| 33 | -d- ; | hit strike [lê] d-[an] | metathesis and i>∅ | id- | hit, strike | ||||||||||
| 34 | teq- | to thump, to break | teq-[în] تەقین | to thump, to break | |||||||||||
| 35 | uzgi | power, strength | wize, wuze وزە | power, strength | kurdish u- > w- | ||||||||||
| 36 | mari | lord, horseman | mîr میر | lord, compare also with the semitic ''amir'' | a>î | ||||||||||
| 37 | shu/shia | to go | chu, چوو | to go | sh>ch | ||||||||||
| 38 | euri | lord | [bi]-wêr ب]وێر] | brave | perhaps u>w, i>∅ | ||||||||||
| 39 | xarari | calm | oqre ئۆقرە , | calm | less likely | ||||||||||
| 40 | zar | orchard | zar زار | orchard | car | tree | |||||||||
| 41 | ur | to place down | wer-[in], وەرین | to place down | kurdish u-> w- | ||||||||||
| 42 | wal, | to win | wêr-an وێران | to dare | a>ê, l>r | ||||||||||
| 43 | zelbi | descendant | zol زۆڵ | bastard | e>o | ||||||||||
| 44 | zeld, | to shatter the enemies | zal زاڵ | to shatter the enemies | e>a | ||||||||||
| 45 | qarqar | throat | qurqur[açke] قوڕقوڕاچکە, qurqur[oske] قوڕقوروسکە, qurg قورگ | throat | a>u | ||||||||||
| 46 | qot | piece | kut کوت , kut-a کوتان , kud | piece, to smash, to kill | kut/kud | to make fall, to kill | |||||||||
| 47 | xubi | valley | qopi قۆپی | valley, vale, plain | x>q, b>p | ||||||||||
| 48 | xare | to march, to raid | xar غار | to march, to raid | |||||||||||
| 49 | hilm هەڵم | steam | hiuri | smoke | |||||||||||
| 50 | šue | river, lake | chom/gom چۆم/گۆم | rive lake | u>o | cov | lake | ||||||||
| 51 | tiw | to speak | diw-an دوان | to speak | tiv | word | |||||||||
| 52 | abeli/aweli | attach, increase | awale/awela ئاواڵە/ئاوەڵا | open | |||||||||||
| 53 | an, | no | na, نا | no; there is also a similar equivalent in iranic | metathesis | ||||||||||
| 54 | ari-beri | birin برن | to carry, there is also a similar equivalent in iranic | ||||||||||||
| 55 | ewani/ebani | land | -wan وان | suffix used after protecting place-names | |||||||||||
| 56 | kulune | side | qurne قوڕنە، qulin-ch قولینچ | side, corner | l>r | koln | |||||||||
| 57 | man | to stay | man مان | to stay | exactly remained intact however it resembles even iranic new persian "mandan". | ||||||||||
| 58 | mana <iranic | measure unite, mina | man<iranic | measure unite, mina | |||||||||||
| 59 | me | prohibitive particle | me مە | prohibitive particle | |||||||||||
| 60 | pahi | cattle | patal پاتاڵ | cattle | closer to hurrian: d>t, r>l | pedari | cattle | badar | bull, cattle | paxre | |||||
| 61 | par | to take off | pir [-dan] پڕ | to take off | kurdish a>i | ||||||||||
| 62 | kamn | old, earlier | kavn/kawn کەڤن/کەون | old | m>v and m>w; but also iranic "kohan" | ||||||||||
| 63 | pi | under | pe? پێ | under, foot | also iranic pey | ||||||||||
| 64 | shid | build | chê-[kirin], چێ | build | ending d>∅ | ||||||||||
| 65 | ur | territory | awari ئەواری [suffix], wr (wir), war | land, country, field، (also there) | kurdawari (کوردەواری). Also as in war[ê] [me] (وارێ مە). ur[mia]-wir[mê] (ورمێ، ئورمیە), ur[fa]. Armenian agarak has been suggested as an Armenian loan from 'awari'. Kurdish has even 'garak' (گەڕەک) with the same meaning | awari | |||||||||
| 66 | qapqari، qapqarš | to seize، to capture | gamaro | siege، blockade | kurdish p>w>m as in ziman<ziwan<zban | ||||||||||
| 67 | sher | hide | sher/shar شێر/وەشارتن | hide | |||||||||||
| 68 | quldi | uninhabited | kawil کاول | annihilate, destruction | |||||||||||
| 69 | ar- | give | ar- | give, dialectal as in slêmanî, for example [bi-] ar [-ê] بیەرێ "give him" | |||||||||||
| 70 | ture | destroy | ture تووڕە | angry | close in context | ||||||||||
| 71 | aba | desire | awat ئاوات , aw-in ئەوین | desire, to love | b>w | ||||||||||
| 72 | ada | again | îdî ئیدی | another, anymore | a>î | ||||||||||
| 73 | shal-i | year | sal ساڵ | year, but iranian "sard", new persian has also ''sal'' | sh>s, i>∅ | tari | |||||||||
| 74 | šeh-i/eri/e | zhiyar ژیار | living | sh>zh | |||||||||||
| 75 | |||||||||||||||
| 76 | arnu-ia | come to the aid of | hana هانا | come to the aid of | a- >ha- | ||||||||||
| 77 | lak- | to destroy | rûx-[an] رووخان | to destroy | l>r | ||||||||||
| 78 | 'are | granary | har هاڕ | granary | a- > -ha, notice 'zimharr' زمهاڕ meaning 'winter granary' | ||||||||||
| 79 | ieshti | here | hêsthte هێشتە | now | |||||||||||
| 80 | meshe | part, tribute, share | mûche مووچە | part, tribute, share | |||||||||||
| 81 | pisuše | joy | pishû پشوو | rest, holyday, vacation | |||||||||||
| 82 | sheshe | six | shesh شەش | six, but it is the same in IE | sheshe | six | |||||||||
| 83 | izidu | admonish, command | ezidi ئێزیدی | name of a native religion in kurdistan | **unsatisfactory (just a guess)** | ||||||||||
| 84 | yarani | kind of cultic building, altar | yari یاری | name of a native religion in kurdistan | **unsatisfactory (just a guess)** | ||||||||||
| 85 | aleu | dignity | alewi ئالەوی | name of a native religion in kurdistan | **unsatisfactory (even less likely)** | ||||||||||
| 86 | /-i/, /-iye/ | his, her, its | /-i/, /-y/ ی | his, her, its | /-i/, /-iye/ | his, her, its | |||||||||
| 87 | /-v/ | your | /-w/ و | your | /-v/ | your | |||||||||
| 88 | ushanu | award, bestow, feel affection for | wuchan وچان | rest, reprieve | sh>ch, u>w | ||||||||||
| 89 | napahia | submission, bondage, domestication | nawi نەوی , | low, a low level, position or degree p>w | |||||||||||
| 90 | tur | defeat, destroy | dor- دۆڕ | defeat | |||||||||||
| 91 | |||||||||||||||
| 92 | sal-zi | steep, abrupt | sila سڵا | height | |||||||||||
| 93 | sil-e | woman, doughter | selar سەلار | mistress of the house, beautiful woman note ''selardi'', a lunar goddess of urartu | |||||||||||
| 94 | lutu | woman | lute لووتە | quoquettish woman | |||||||||||
| 95 | uldie | vineyard | lote لۆتە | grapes hanged in order to be sun dried in a vineyard | |||||||||||
| 96 | nikidu | water | niqdo/niqût نقووت/نقدۆ , | water infiltration, water dropping, water penetration plus some other cognates of the word | |||||||||||
| 97 | kan/kain | in front of | kin کن | in front of, nearbut | also iranic ''kenar'' | ||||||||||
| 98 | haš-ia | be interested in | haz حەز | be interested in, love, like | |||||||||||
| 99 | d-u- | do, cause to do | da/di ده/د | do, cause to do, used as a preffix for verbs | |||||||||||
| 100 | shalur | medlar | shalor شەلۆر | nectarine | salor | plum clearly borrowed via kurdish | |||||||||
| 101 | mure | house | mal ماڵ | house | |||||||||||
| 102 | |||||||||||||||
| 103 | urishi | weapon | hereshe هەڕەشە , / | threat there is also ''huruzhim'' هوروژم attack | |||||||||||
| 104 | shingil شنگڵ | twin, twin fruit | shini | two | |||||||||||
| 105 | egur-hu | free | xorayi خۆرایی | free | |||||||||||
| 106 | bad-gul | surround | bawe-xulê باوەخولێ | turn around, also a kids game | |||||||||||
| 107 | aish-ti | leap, jump | hej-an هەژان | quake | |||||||||||
| 108 | ibirani | whole, complete, full | pirani پڕانی | majority | |||||||||||
| 109 | hencor هەنجۆر | unripe melon | hinzur | apple? pear? | |||||||||||
| 110 | kut-u | reach | گەهشتن/گەیشتن | geh<*ged reach | |||||||||||
| 111 | ai/ay | look, take care | aw-ir ئاوڕ | look | |||||||||||
| 112 | di/erasia | fear | tirs ترس | fear, but | also iranic ''tars'' | ||||||||||
| 113 | |||||||||||||||
| 114 | ti/er-usi, measure for liquid | telîs?تەلیس measure of unit | |||||||||||||
| 115 | minal مناڵ | child | ben | ban | |||||||||||
| 116 | nisê نسێ | shade | nadz | shade | |||||||||||
| 117 | alaue | man | law لاو | young boy | ulam | son, child | |||||||||
| 118 | chuk چووک | small | çugi | tsugi | |||||||||||
| 119 | wer-în وەرین | barking of dog | ewri | dog | |||||||||||
| 120 | she شە | moisture | shiye | watery | |||||||||||
| 121 | zainua | high | zinar زنار | high cliff, high boulder | |||||||||||
| 122 | zhilemo ژیلەمۆ | burning ashes | shalmi | ashes, to burn | |||||||||||
| 123 | amash | burnt | mêsh مێش | burnt ashes | ê<a | ||||||||||
| 124 | |||||||||||||||
| 125 | کەپۆ | kepû nose | puhi | nose | |||||||||||
| 126 | shepuiaru | spoil | sheprêwشپڕێو | disorderly | |||||||||||
| 127 | mesh- | distribute, share | wesh-[an] وەشان | distribute, share | |||||||||||
| 128 | teribi | monument | tirb ترب | monument, grave not be confused with arabic 'turbat' soil | |||||||||||
| 129 | wur-i | view | wuria وریا , awur ئاووڕ , is likely connected to the urartian ''wur'', rarther than being a metathesis for iranic ''negar'') | viewer, careful sight even the kurdish verb ''ruwan''-[in] (view | fur-i | viw | |||||||||
| 130 | hal- هاڵ | enclose | halv- | enclose | |||||||||||
| 131 | kul-me | wealth, prosperity | kel-k کەڵک | profitable, usefulness | |||||||||||
| 132 | fêl فێڵ | fraud | pâl | false | |||||||||||
| 133 | tawjm تەوژم , tapi | pressure destroy | tapsh- | destroy | |||||||||||
| 134 | aspe ئەسپێ | louse | apxe | louse | |||||||||||
| 135 | |||||||||||||||
| 136 | kipp کپ | filled | kapp- | fill | |||||||||||
| 137 | azhge/zig | stomach | azhoge | meal | |||||||||||
| 138 | qul- قوول | to speak aloud | kul- | to speak | |||||||||||
| 139 | tem تەم | darkness | timeri | black | |||||||||||
| 140 | tara-gie | powerful, strong | daraqat دەرەقەت | to be powerful, to be strong | |||||||||||
| 141 | tam-hu | eliminate separate | toq-[andin]<tawq | terrorize, frighten | |||||||||||
| 142 | shi-u | carry away | shi-[andin] | send | |||||||||||
| 143 | anda-ni | right | and ئاند | right | |||||||||||
| 144 | irb-u | take away grab | rev-[andin]/rif-[andin] | take away, grabbut, grab | also iranian 'robudan' take away | ||||||||||
| 145 | pit- | beat apart, destroy | pis-/pichr- | beat apart, destroy | |||||||||||
| 146 | |||||||||||||||
| 147 | tishni | heart | dine دنە | encourage | t > d & sh > nil | ||||||||||
| 148 | ti-ni | name | deng دەنگ | voice | |||||||||||
| 149 | bauše | word | wuše وشە | word | |||||||||||
| 150 | durba | revolt, rebel | tola | revenge | |||||||||||
| 151 | hut-ia | to ask | qut-abî | student | |||||||||||
| 152 | fir, firê | throw | fir | remove, untie | |||||||||||
| 153 | hore هۆرە | singing | halme | singing | |||||||||||
| 154 | hawr , | cloud note also indo-iranic abra | havur | heaven | |||||||||||
| 155 | agu | lead away of ie origin? | ajo-[tin] ئاژۆتن | lead away, drive | |||||||||||
| 156 | astê | name of a beloved woman in kurdish folklore | asti | woman | |||||||||||
| 157 | |||||||||||||||
| 158 | taw | thaw, melt | tav/ | -b to cast metal | |||||||||||
| 159 | ai | if | ai | if | |||||||||||
| 160 | lalan | lament | alilan | lament | |||||||||||
| 161 | çapal چەپەڵ | dirty | çabalgi | fault | |||||||||||
| 162 | xir | all | xiyari | all | |||||||||||
| 163 | ker | donkey | çere | donkey | |||||||||||
| 164 | shik- | break | çik- | break | |||||||||||
| 165 | xêra خێرا | soon, hurry | xîri | hour, time, moment | |||||||||||
| 166 | cexiz جەخز | coiled | xizli | coiled | |||||||||||
| 167 | qup- | to break, to destroy | xub- | to break, to destroy | |||||||||||
| 168 | |||||||||||||||
| 169 | astang ئاستەنگ | obstacle | istani | between, among | |||||||||||
| 170 | zikan- | to wail | izikun- | to wail | |||||||||||
| 171 | kullêre, kellane | sort of ritual bread | kakari | sort of ritual bread | |||||||||||
| 172 | magirani | desire | magunni | desire | |||||||||||
| 173 | chakara چەکەرە | sprout, bud | shakari or sagari | sprout, bud | |||||||||||
| 174 | halasha هەڵەشە | stressful | arushal | hurry | |||||||||||
| 175 | henu-ke, niha, neha | now | heni | now | |||||||||||
| 176 | palamar پەلامار | attack | parili | crime | |||||||||||
| 177 | dai | thus | adi | thus | |||||||||||
| 178 | -ka | other | ak-i/u | other | |||||||||||
| 179 | |||||||||||||||
| 180 | ê-we | you | we | thou | |||||||||||
| 181 | wure ورە | strength | buru | strong | |||||||||||
| 182 | çam | bend | çam | rip | |||||||||||
| 183 | zûx , | blood compare, xwênaw=zûxaw | zurgi | blood | |||||||||||
| 184 | kulm | cheek | xahli | cheek | |||||||||||
| 185 | hêl هێڵ | fence | halwu | fence made with stones | |||||||||||
| 186 | kawir کاوڕ | young sheep | xawirni | lamb | |||||||||||
| 187 | chaws- | oppress | xamaz- | oppress | |||||||||||
| 188 | hêndj | constrain | hendz | constrain | |||||||||||
| 189 | kiroje | sinew | xerari | sinew | |||||||||||
| 190 | |||||||||||||||
| 191 | gesh | bright | xeshmi | bright | |||||||||||
| 192 | qals/qirj | weak | kalgi | weak | |||||||||||
| 193 | nêrî | male adult goat | nali | deer | |||||||||||
| 194 | naw- | pasture | nawn- | pasture | |||||||||||
| 195 | lawar | la-war- to devour | ul- | to, eat, to devour | |||||||||||
| 196 | hapa | stupid, insane | ubi | stupid, insane | |||||||||||
| 197 | shax , also 'asê' means uppward, high. | mountain | ashxu | high | |||||||||||
| 198 | kazh | high mountain | kaziari | high mountains of the mesopotamian valley | |||||||||||
| 199 | gewran | the big ones, the adult ones | kewiranna | the senate, the old men | |||||||||||
| 200 | kush- , alt qoz- | to hold in hands, to press in hands to catch | kuzh- | to keep, to retain | |||||||||||
| 201 | |||||||||||||||
| 202 | neq نقاندن - | niq/nûq to close | nekri | <nek, negh lock | |||||||||||
| 203 | shil | listen | shalhi | to listen | |||||||||||
| 204 | zuwa زوا | dry | siba | dry | |||||||||||
| 205 | dibi | building, room | diw دیو | room | |||||||||||
| 206 | shawa-ki | morning, day | shu | day | |||||||||||
| 207 | shirove | narrate | shirat | narrate | |||||||||||
| 208 | tizha تژە | full | tishan | very much | |||||||||||
| 209 | sutug | tear away, unjoin | shetek | knot | |||||||||||
| 210 | gey | anything | gi گ | anything | |||||||||||
| 211 | baz | pass by | baz | enter | |||||||||||
| 212 | |||||||||||||||
| 213 | xebi- خەبتین | to be active | xeban- | to set moving | |||||||||||
| 214 | chaws- | to oppress | hamadz- | to oppress | |||||||||||
| 215 | bihiz- | to hear | haz- | to hear | |||||||||||
| 216 | xiz | oily, slippery | xaz | to oil | |||||||||||
| 217 | pas- | to send, as in 'hal pasardin' 'to send into exile' | pas- | to send somebody | |||||||||||
| 218 | shak | young sheep | shagari | ram | |||||||||||
| 219 | fêr | learn | pal | know, understand | |||||||||||
| 220 | -kai | position, in place | -ka | location suffix | |||||||||||
| 221 | muš- | true, fair | mušur موشوور | fairness | |||||||||||
| 222 | ba | in front of, near | abi | in front of | |||||||||||
| 223 | |||||||||||||||
| 224 | shem (focilized in shemshemekwere, ''blind for the sun'' ''bat''. | sun focilized in shemshemekwere, ''blind for the sun'' ''bat''. | shimi | sun | |||||||||||
| 225 | derzu/derju | order, arrangement | darêj- | order, arrangement | |||||||||||
| 226 | tep- | throw down | tep- | throw down | |||||||||||
| 227 | atqan | to consecrate | tarxân | to consecrate | |||||||||||
| 228 | shuki | as | waki < hoki<shuki وەکی | as | |||||||||||
| 229 | xurishe | irrigator | qurishke قوریشکە | cup | hur | drink | |||||||||
| 230 | ulx | flow out | bilqبڵق | b<w, bubble | |||||||||||
| 231 | alga-ni | mountain | lêj لێژ | abrupt, steep | |||||||||||
| 232 | auiei | somewher | awê ئەوێ | there | |||||||||||
| 233 | puluse | inscription, stele | psule | voucher, receipt | |||||||||||
| 234 | |||||||||||||||
| 235 | niribe | herd | ran | herd | |||||||||||
| 236 | iese/ieshe? | i, pronoun | ez ئەز is derived of ur. 'iese | i, resembles also the old iranian 'azm', but which one is 'az' actually derives of? armenians claim armenian 'yes' (i | |||||||||||
| 237 | armuzi | family, clan, generation | hoz هۆز + rama | clan seed, from to-rama | |||||||||||
| 238 | amêz, hembêz ئامیز | hug | hemz | surround | |||||||||||
| 239 | zani | cry out | zhan, jan, ژان | agony | |||||||||||
| 240 | kalpa کەڵپە | animal lips | karshi | lips | |||||||||||
| 241 | wilwil ولوڵ | loosen | wirwir | loosen | |||||||||||
| 242 | ax ئاخ | earth, soil | esh | earth, soil | ash | earth, soil | |||||||||
| 243 | qarmexî | gift, present, sacrifice, celebration | qelin قەلین | gift, dowry | |||||||||||
| 244 | -atuhi | -ness | -ati | -ness | |||||||||||
| 245 | |||||||||||||||
| 246 | aman- | vessel, pot | aman- ئامان | vessel, pot | |||||||||||
| 247 | tesheba | tishk تیشک | light, radiance | teshup | god of lightning and storm | tishpak | |||||||||
| 248 | shop | hand palm | shu | hand | |||||||||||
| 249 | chilmis- | fade | chilman- | to break, vanish | |||||||||||
| 250 | shur | wall around a castle, fence, borders of the kingdom | shure | wall around a castle, fence | |||||||||||
| 251 | xal خەڵ | fence made with stones | xalwu | fence made with stones | |||||||||||
| 252 | ya/ye | who, which, what | ya/ye | who, which, what | |||||||||||
| 253 | tuna توونا | defeated, destroyed | tun- | to win | |||||||||||
| 254 | tirar | pot | taridi | pot | |||||||||||
| 255 | kol | let off as in ''le kol bunewe'' | kol | let off | |||||||||||
| 256 | têr | to be suffiecent | shir | to be suffiecent | |||||||||||
| 257 | ha | take! | ha | take | |||||||||||
| 258 | teshi | spindle | tijari | spindle | |||||||||||
| 259 | awirdu , awirig | stock of wood-logs oven | ábri | stock of wood-logs | |||||||||||
| 260 | baq- بەقین | explode | baq- | destroy | |||||||||||
| 261 | bêj , | to say common a>ê | bashi | mouth | |||||||||||
| 262 | pazhux | answer | pashixi | message | |||||||||||
| 263 | dalal | beloved common d>l | tad- | love | |||||||||||
| 264 | taugi | clean | daq دەق | cheerful | tagi | beatiful | |||||||||
| 265 | hild-/held- هەڵدان/هڵدان | rasie, elevate | hild-/held- | high, raise, elevate | |||||||||||
| 266 | paqir پاقڕ | copper | kabli | copper | |||||||||||
| 267 | kukla , kukm | doll homeless | kukla | slave | |||||||||||
| 268 | kumadj کۆماج | column | kumdi | tower | |||||||||||
| 269 | kumik | hood | kubakhi | hood | |||||||||||
| 270 | korde | uncultivated, desolate | kode | uncultivated, desolate | |||||||||||
| 271 | kudik | knee | kundzi | to kneel | |||||||||||
| 272 | xir | trench | xiríti | trench | |||||||||||
| 273 | tu | you | to | you | u>o, (Also, IE to) | ||||||||||
| 274 | ate | father | tate | father | |||||||||||
We welcome your expertise and enthusiasm!
Ways to contribute:
- Writing code
- Visualization
- Propose a modification by creating a new issue
- Review the content
- Develop tutorials, presentations, and other educational materials
- Translate documentation and readme contents
- Any other ways that you think is beneficial to the Kurdish language!
[1] Within Land of Kurda 2011, hurro-urartian-substratum-in-kurdish-2, accessed 11 November 2022, http://landofkarda.blogspot.com/2011/04/hurro-urartian-substratum-in-kurdish-2.html.
Released under the BSD license
Copyright © 2022-2023 urartian_kurdish Developers Soran Ghaderi ([email protected]) follow me
Taleb Zarhesh ([email protected]) follow me
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