A very simplistic remote-command-executor using ssh
and Python in the
remote end.
All the heavy lifting is done by execnet, while this minimal API provides the bare minimum to handle easy logging and connections from the remote end.
remoto
is a bit opinionated as it was conceived to replace helpers and
remote utilities for ceph-deploy
a tool to run remote commands to configure
and setup the distributed file system Ceph.
The usage aims to be extremely straightforward, with a very minimal set of helpers and utilities for remote processes and logging output.
The most basic example will use the run
helper to execute a command on the
remote end. It does require a logging object, which needs to be one that, at
the very least, has both error
and debug
. Those are called for
stderr
and stdout
respectively.
This is how it would look with a basic logger passed in:
>>> import logging >>> logging.basiConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) >>> logger = logging.getLogger('hostname') >>> conn = remoto.Connection('hostname', logger=logger) >>> run(conn, ['ls', '-a']) INFO:hostname:Running command: ls -a DEBUG:hostname:. DEBUG:hostname:.. DEBUG:hostname:.bash_history DEBUG:hostname:.bash_logout DEBUG:hostname:.bash_profile DEBUG:hostname:.bashrc DEBUG:hostname:.gem DEBUG:hostname:.lesshst DEBUG:hostname:.pki DEBUG:hostname:.puppet DEBUG:hostname:.ssh DEBUG:hostname:.vim DEBUG:hostname:.viminfo
The run
helper will display the stderr
and stdout
as ERROR
and
DEBUG
respectively.
For other types of usage (like checking exit status codes, or raising upon
them) remoto
does provide them too.
Calling remote commands can be done in a few different ways. The most simple
one is with process.run
:
>>> from remoto.process import run >>> from remoto import Connection >>> logger = logging.getLogger('myhost') >>> conn = Connection('myhost', logger=logger) >>> run(conn, ['whoami']) INFO:myhost:Running command: whoami DEBUG:myhost:root
Note however, that you are not capturing results or information from the remote end. The intention here is only to be able to run a command and log its output. It is a fire and forget call.
This callable, allows the caller to deal with the stderr
, stdout
and
exit code. It returns it in a 3 item tuple:
>>> from remoto.process import check >>> check(conn, ['ls', '/nonexistent/path']) ([], ['ls: cannot access /nonexistent/path: No such file or directory'], 2)
Note that the stdout
and stderr
items are returned as lists with the \n
characters removed.
This is useful if you need to process the information back locally, as opposed
to just firing and forgetting (while logging, like process.run
).
To execute remote functions (ideally) you would need to define them in a module and add the following to the end of that module:
if __name__ == '__channelexec__': for item in channel: channel.send(eval(item))
If you had a function in a module named foo
that looks like this:
import os def listdir(path): return os.listdir(path)
To be able to execute that listdir
function remotely you would need to pass
the module to the connection object and then call that function:
>>> import foo >>> conn = Connection('hostname') >>> remote_foo = conn.import_module(foo) >>> remote_foo.listdir('.') ['.bash_logout', '.profile', '.veewee_version', '.lesshst', 'python', '.vbox_version', 'ceph', '.cache', '.ssh']
Note that functions to be executed remotely cannot accept objects as arguments, just normal Python data structures, like tuples, lists and dictionaries. Also safe to use are ints and strings.
There is automatic detection for the need to connect remotely (via SSH) or not that it is infered by the hostname of the current host (vs. the host that is connecting to).
If the local host has the same as the remote hostname, a local connection (via Popen) will be opened and that will be used instead of ssh, and avoiding the issues of being able to ssh into the same host.
This magical detection can be enabled by using the detect_sudo flag in the Connection class. It is disabled by default.
When enabled, it will prefix any command with sudo. This is useful for libraries that need super user permissions and want to avoid passing sudo everywhere, which can be non-trivial if dealing with root users that are connecting via SSH.