IRIX disk partitioning
The commands are quite cumbersome but with these references I have managed to have a basic understanding: https://techpubs.jurassic.nl/manuals/0650/admin/IA_DiskFiles/sgi_html/index.html http://ibgwww.colorado.edu/~lessem/psyc5112/usail/peripherals/
Please read chapter 1 on the first link to understand the basic concepts:
https://techpubs.jurassic.nl/manuals/0650/admin/IA_DiskFiles/sgi_html/ch01.html
Let's start with a blank drive with SCSI address 1, let's see what its volume header contains:
prtvtoc /dev/dsk/dks0d1vol
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
The disk doesn't have volume header, let's check if we can edit it:
dvhtool /dev/rdsk/dks0d1vh
dvhtool: can't open volume header /dev/rdsk/dks0d1vh
Volume? (/dev/rdsk/dks0d1vh)
Note: disk devices are on /dev/rdsk, including the ones ending in vh with the volume headers, list them running:
ls -l /dev/rdsk/*
Indeed, empty disk. Let's partition it:
fx -x
fx version 6.5, Oct 6, 2003
fx: "device-name" = (dksc)
fx: ctlr# = (0)
fx: drive# = (1)
fx: lun# = (0)
...opening dksc(0,1,0)
...drive selftest...OK
Scsi drive type == HP 9.10GB A 68-S94CS94C
warning: partition 8 not of type volhdr, volhdr is too small
NOTE: existing partitions are inconsistent with drive geometry
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[exi]t [d]ebug/ [l]abel/ [a]uto
[b]adblock/ [exe]rcise/ [r]epartition/
Indeed, it contains no partitions:
fx> [l]abel
fx/label> [c]reate
fx/label/create> [a]ll
fx/label/create> ..
fx/label> [sy]nc
fx/label> ..
fx> [r]epartition
----- partitions-----
part type blocks Megabytes (base+size)
10: volume 0 + 17773524 0 + 8678
warning: partition 8 not of type volhdr, volhdr is too small
capacity is 17773524 blocks
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
- [ro]otdrive. This scheme contains:
- partition 0 (root), boot partition containing all the files
- partition 1 for swap
- partition 8 for volume header. It's an "odd" partition containing several files and the partition scheme, device parameters and some programs (check https://techpubs.jurassic.nl/manuals/0650/admin/IA_DiskFiles/sgi_html/ch01.html#LE18926-PARENT)
- partition 10 representing the entire disk
fx/repartition> ro
fx/repartition/rootdrive: type of data partition = (xfs)
Warning: you will need to re-install all software and restore user data
from backups after changing the partition layout. Changing partitions
will cause all data on the drive to be lost. Be sure you have the drive
backed up if it contains any user data. Continue? yes
----- partitions-----
part type blocks Megabytes (base+size)
0: xfs 266240 + 17507284 130 + 8548
1: raw 4096 + 262144 2 + 128
8: volhdr 0 + 4096 0 + 2
10: volume 0 + 17773524 0 + 8678
capacity is 17773524 blocks
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
- [u]srrootdrive. With this scheme we have the same partitions as with [ro]otdrive plus:
- partition 6 (usr) to separate root and usr file systems
fx/repartition> u
fx/repartition/usrrootdrive: type of data partition = (xfs)
----- partitions-----
part type blocks Megabytes (base+size)
0: xfs 266240 + 102400 130 + 50
1: raw 4096 + 262144 2 + 128
6: xfs 368640 + 17404884 180 + 8498
8: volhdr 0 + 4096 0 + 2
10: volume 0 + 17773524 0 + 8678
capacity is 17773524 blocks
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
fx/repartition>
- [o]ption drive.
- partition 7 for general storage, useful for example when we have a second disk exclusively used for data
fx/repartition> o
fx/repartition/optiondrive: type of data partition = (xfs)
----- partitions-----
part type blocks Megabytes (base+size)
7: xfs 4096 + 17769428 2 + 8676
8: volhdr 0 + 4096 0 + 2
10: volume 0 + 17773524 0 + 8678
capacity is 17773524 blocks
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
fx/repartition>
Now let's make the partitioning more complicated. What about a root partition and another one for data? For example on large disks using EFS, whose maximum partition is 8 GB, we could have:
- a root EFS partition of 8 GB and another one of type 7 EFS of 8 GB
- a root EFS partition of 2 GB and another one of type 7 XFS with the remaining capacity
As practical example, let's partition a disk using two XFS partitions:
- We start from a [ro]otdrive configuration:
fx/repartition> ro
fx/repartition/rootdrive: type of data partition = (xfs)
----- partitions-----
part type blocks Megabytes (base+size)
0: xfs 266240 + 17507284 130 + 8548
1: raw 4096 + 262144 2 + 128
8: volhdr 0 + 4096 0 + 2
10: volume 0 + 17773524 0 + 8678
capacity is 17773524 blocks
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
fx/repartition>
- Let's watch the column "Megabytes (base+size)":
- partition 8 takes from MB 0 to MB 1 (2 MB in total)
- partition 1 takes from MB 2 to MB 129 (128 MB in total)
- partition 0 takes from MB 130 to MB 8677 (8548 MB in total)
- Let's make partition 0 smaller, 2 GB, and when it asks for partition 7, we'll start from where partition 0 ends and use the remaining space. It's a manual method but it works:
- partition 7: we start at 2178 which is where root ends (130 + 2048) and specify the maximum size possible:
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
fx/repartition> e
Enter .. when done
fx/repartition/expert: change partition = (0)
before: type xfs block 266240, 130 MB
len: 17507284 blks, 8548 MB
fx/repartition/expert: partition type = (xfs)
fx/repartition/expert: base in megabytes = (130)
fx/repartition/expert: size in megabytes (max 8548) = (8548) 2048
after: type xfs block 266240, 130 MB
len: 4194304 blks, 2048 MB
fx/repartition/expert: change partition = (1)
before: type raw block 4096, 2 MB
len: 262144 blks, 128 MB
fx/repartition/expert: partition type = (raw)
fx/repartition/expert: base in megabytes = (2)
fx/repartition/expert: size in megabytes (max 8676) = (128)
fx/repartition/expert: change partition = (6)
before: type xfs block 0, 0 MB
len: 0 blks, 0 MB
fx/repartition/expert: partition type = (xfs)
fx/repartition/expert: base in megabytes = (0)
fx/repartition/expert: size in megabytes (max 8678) = (0)
after: type xfs block 0, 0 MB
len: 0 blks, 0 MB
fx/repartition/expert: change partition = (7)
before: type xfs block 0, 0 MB
len: 0 blks, 0 MB
fx/repartition/expert: partition type = (xfs)
fx/repartition/expert: base in megabytes = (0) 2178
fx/repartition/expert: size in megabytes (max 6500) = (0) 6500
after: type xfs block 4460544, 2178 MB
len: 13312980 blks, 6500 MB
fx/repartition/expert: change partition = (8)
before: type volhdr block 0, 0 MB
len: 4096 blks, 2 MB
fx/repartition/expert: partition type = (volhdr)
fx/repartition/expert: base in megabytes = (0)
fx/repartition/expert: size in megabytes (max 8678) = (2)
----- partitions-----
part type blocks Megabytes (base+size)
0: xfs 266240 + 4194304 130 + 2048
1: raw 4096 + 262144 2 + 128
7: xfs 4460544 + 13312980 2178 + 6500
8: volhdr 0 + 4096 0 + 2
10: volume 0 + 17773524 0 + 8678
capacity is 17773524 blocks
----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive [o]ptiondrive [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive [re]size
fx/repartition>
- Let's check everything is correct:
prtvtoc /dev/dsk/dks0d1vol
* /dev/dsk/dks0d1vol (bootfile "/unix")
* 512 bytes/sector
Partition Type Fs Start: sec Size: sec Mount Directory
0 xfs 266240 4194304
1 raw 4096 262144
7 xfs 4460544 13312980
8 volhdr 0 4096
10 volume 0 17773524
- Let's format partitions:
- note: dks0d1s7 corresponds to controller 0, SCSI address 1 and partition 7
mkfs_xfs /dev/dsk/dks0d1s7
for older IRIX versions:
mkfs_efs /dev/dsk/dks0d1s7
Note: on /dev/dsk are the disk devices, list them running:
ls -l /dev/dsk/*
- To temporarily mount the partition we can use /mnt:
mount /dev/dsk/dks0d1s7 /mnt
- To mount the partition permanently we can do it from the desktop with the Filesystem Manager or by adding in fstab:
/dev/dsk/dks0d1s7 /mount_point xfs rw 0 0
or if using EFS:
/dev/dsk/dks0d1s7 /mount_point efs rw 0 0
React
Typescript
Django
Laravel
Facebook
Microsoft
Google
Alibaba
D3
Tencent