Richard Dawkins FRS FRSL (born Clinton Richard Dawkins; 26 March 1941) is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford, and was the University of Oxford's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008.
Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme. With his book The Extended Phenotype (1982), he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.
Dawkins is known as an outspoken atheist. He is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design. In The Blind Watchmaker (1986), he argues against the watchmaker analogy, an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker, in that reproduction, mutation, and selection are unguided by any designer. In The God Delusion (2006), Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion.
Dawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and Internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual.
- The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
- An Appetite for Wonder: The Making of a Scientist
- Brief Candle in the Dark: My Life in Science
- Climbing Mount Improbable
- The Extended Phenotype
- A Devil's Chaplain: Reflections on Hope, Lies, Science, and Love
- River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life
- The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution
- The Selfish Gene
- The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life
- The God Delusion
- The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing
- Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder
- The Evolution of Evolvability