metflekx/tictactoe

python tictactoe with AI

Tic-tac-toe AI

This project implements the classic game of tic-tac-toe where two agents compete to win. It's built using Python 3.11 and emphasizes minimal external library dependencies for the game logic.

APIs and Tech Stack

• Python - Version 3.11
• NumPy - Utilizes data structures provided by NumPy for efficient array handling.
• Pygame - Utilizes Pygame for visual representation and mapping of game data.

Overview

The heart of the game resides in the Game class. The Game.main() method drives the game loop. During each iteration, the game checks for terminal states using Game.is_terminal(). Once a terminal state is detected, it populates the Game.winner. Meanwhile, the main loop continues until the game reaches a terminal state, allowing the agents to compete using the 'Minimax' algorithm.

Implementation Details

The method Game.is_terminal() serves dual purposes. To prevent unnecessary iteration when finding the winner after the game concludes, the method takes a boolean argument assign_winner. Setting this argument to true populates the variable Game.winner. When calling Game.is_terminal() from within Game.Player.AI.minimax(), set this argument to false. This approach consolidates the functionalities of detecting terminal states and determining the winner to avoid extra iterations.

Classes Hierarchy and Global Scope

Global Scope

The code contains elements noted with comments as # __GLOBAL_SCOPE, which denote calls or resources accessible from anywhere within the code.

Class Structure

The structure for each class is as follows:

• Class:
  • Constructor
  • Nested Classes
  • Private Methods (noted with __ at the beginning of the method's name)
  • Static Methods
  • Getters
  • Setters
  • Public Methods

Usage

To play the game, execute the main file tictactoe.py. The game interface is provided using Pygame, allowing players to interact with the game through key inputs (1-9) for their moves.

Future Improvements

Potential future enhancements include:

• Adding a user interface for a more intuitive and interactive gameplay experience.
• Implementing more sophisticated AI algorithms or strategies for improved gameplay.

Feel free to contribute by forking this repository and submitting pull requests!

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.

Tutorial: Game Controls -- Specific for version

The game is played using the keyboard as controllers. Each cell on the tic-tac-toe grid is mapped to a numeric key on the keyboard (1-9). Players take turns by pressing the corresponding keys to make their moves.

Key Mapping:

• 1, 2, 3: Correspond to the cells in the first row from left to right.
• 4, 5, 6: Correspond to the cells in the second row from left to right.
• 7, 8, 9: Correspond to the cells in the third row from left to right.

Gameplay Instructions:

1. Launch the game by running the main file tictactoe.py.
2. The initial display shows an empty tic-tac-toe grid.
3. Player X (represented by 'X') is the starting player, followed by Player O (represented by 'O').
4. To make a move:
   • Player X presses the corresponding key to place 'X' in an empty cell.
   • Player O then makes their move by pressing a key to place 'O' in an available cell.
5. The game continues until one player wins by forming a line of their marker (either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally) or until the grid is filled, resulting in a draw.
6. The game announces the winner or declares a draw at the end.

Example:

• Player X's move:
  • Press key 1 to place 'X' in the top-left cell.
• Player O's move:
  • Press key 5 to place 'O' in the center cell.
• Players alternate turns until the game concludes.

Note:

• Ensure only valid keys (1-9) are pressed to make moves. Invalid keys or attempts to place markers in non-empty cells will be disregarded.
• Pygame window must be in focus to receive key inputs.

Feel free to enjoy the game by competing against a friend or playing against the AI!