mrapacz/classical-greek-nlp-resources

classical-greek-nlp-resources

🚧 🙏 This is currently a work in progress 🙏 🚧

This repository contains a list of publicly available resources that might come in handy while performing NLP tasks for Classical Greek

Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon (LSJ)

This is the de facto best known / most popular Ancient Greek - English lexicon.

• https://archive.org/details/Lsj--LiddellScott
• https://github.com/gcelano/Thesaurus_Morphologicus_Linguae_Graecae (last commit: 2019-05-12)
• https://github.com/gcelano/LSJ_additions (last commit: 2018-11-06)
• https://github.com/gcelano/LSJ_GreekUnicode (last commit: 2022-09-22)
• https://github.com/gcelano/lexica (last commit: 2022-06-10)
• https://github.com/PerseusDL/lexica/ (last commit: 2022-08-19)

Comments on each below.

Plaintext LSJ - https://archive.org/details/Lsj--LiddellScott

• 12M gzip, 36M unpacked.
• A single txt file, plaintext version of Greek-English LSJ.
• There's also an html version but it's essentially the same txt file within a single <pre></pre> block.
• Unicode, not Betacode.
• Easy to separate definitions (divided by a series of "*")
• No out-of-the-box way of parsing within a definition.
• Some entries contain extra chars such as '-', e.g. ἀγαθο-γονία

Snippet

************************************************************

ἀβᾰθής, ές, (βάθος) not deep, φάλαγξ Arr.Tact.5.6; in
single rank, ἡ ἐφ’ ἑνὸς ἀ. τάξις ib.17.5, ἕλκεα
Aret.SA1.9, Gal.11.127.

2.  Geom., without depth, ἐπιφάνεια S.E.P.3.43, cf.
Simp.in Ph.572.25.

************************************************************

ἄβαθρος, ον, without foundation, Cyr.

Perseus LSJ - https://github.com/gcelano/lexica (last commit: 2022-06-10)

• Perseus export of LSJ.
• XML. Well structured.
• Betacode.
• 40M zip-compressed, 345M unpacked.

Snippet

<entryFree id="n92041"
           key="r(abdouxe/w"
           type="main"
           opt="n"
           TEIform="entryFree">
    <orth extent="full" lang="greek" opt="n" TEIform="orth">r(abdoux-e/w</orth>,
    <sense id="n92041.0" n="A" level="1" opt="n" TEIform="sense">
        <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">to be a</tr>
        <foreign lang="greek" TEIform="foreign">r(abdou=xos</foreign>, <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">carry a rod</tr> or <tr
            opt="n" TEIform="tr">wand</tr>, esp. as a badge
        <pb n="1563" TEIform="pb"/>
        of office,
        <bibl default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Hippias Erythr.</author>
        </bibl>
        ap.
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:259d"
              default="NO"
              TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Ath.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">6.259d</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        ; of the Roman lictors, <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">bear the fasces</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001:48:43"
              default="NO"
              TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">D.C.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">48.43</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        :—
        <gramGrp opt="n" TEIform="gramGrp">
            <gram type="voice" opt="n" TEIform="gram">Pass.</gram>
        </gramGrp>
        , <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">have the fasces borne before one</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg005:10" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Plu.</author>
            <title TEIform="title">Num.</title>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">10</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        .
    </sense>
</entryFree>

Unicode Perseus LSJ - https://github.com/gcelano/LSJ_GreekUnicode (last commit: 2022-09-22)

• ^, but converted to Unicode.
• 26M zip-compressed, 228M unpacked.

Snippet

<entryFree id="n92041" key="ῥαβδουχέω" type="main" opt="n" TEIform="entryFree">
    <orth extent="full" lang="greek" opt="n" TEIform="orth">ῥαβδουχ-έω</orth>,
    <sense id="n92041.0" n="A" level="1" opt="n" TEIform="sense">
        <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">to be a</tr>
        <foreign lang="greek" TEIform="foreign">ῥαβδοῦχος</foreign>,<tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">carry a rod</tr>or<tr
            opt="n" TEIform="tr">wand</tr>, esp. as a badge<pb n="1563" TEIform="pb"/>of office,
        <bibl default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Hippias Erythr.</author>
        </bibl>
        ap.
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:259d" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Ath.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">6.259d</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        ; of the Roman lictors,<tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">bear the fasces</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001:48:43" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">D.C.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">48.43</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        :—
        <gramGrp opt="n" TEIform="gramGrp">
            <gram type="voice" opt="n" TEIform="gram">Pass.</gram>
        </gramGrp>
        ,<tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">have the fasces borne before one</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg005:10" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Plu.</author>
            <title TEIform="title">Num.</title>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">10</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        .
    </sense>
</entryFree>

Unicode Perseus LSJ + 2 extra tags - https://github.com/gcelano/LSJ_additions (last commit: 2018-11-06)

• 27M zip-compressed, 233M unpacked.

• The extra tags are:

  • key2 = value of @key without U+0308 U+0304 U+0306,
  • key3 = value of @key without accents

Snippet

<entryFree key2="ῥαβδουχέω" key3="ραβδουχεω" id="n92041" key="ῥαβδουχέω" type="main" opt="n" TEIform="entryFree">
    <orth extent="full" lang="greek" opt="n" TEIform="orth">ῥαβδουχ-έω</orth>,
    <sense id="n92041.0" n="A" level="1" opt="n" TEIform="sense">
        <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">to be a</tr>
        <foreign lang="greek" TEIform="foreign">ῥαβδοῦχος</foreign>,<tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">carry a rod</tr>or<tr
            opt="n" TEIform="tr">wand</tr>, esp. as a badge<pb n="1563" TEIform="pb"/>of office,
        <bibl default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Hippias Erythr.</author>
        </bibl>
        ap.
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:259d" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Ath.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">6.259d</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        ; of the Roman lictors,<tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">bear the fasces</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001:48:43" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">D.C.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">48.43</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        :—
        <gramGrp opt="n" TEIform="gramGrp">
            <gram type="voice" opt="n" TEIform="gram">Pass.</gram>
        </gramGrp>
        ,<tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">have the fasces borne before one</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg005:10" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Plu.</author>
            <title TEIform="title">Num.</title>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">10</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        .
    </sense>
</entryFree>

Morphological forms of nouns + adjectives extracted from LSJ - https://github.com/gcelano/Thesaurus_Morphologicus_Linguae_Graecae (last commit: 2019-05-12)

• xml format, easy to parse
• contains nouns (decl. I and II) and adjectives (I and II) only
• 732K zip-compressed, 5.6M unpacked.

Snippet (adj)

<l id="n73673" key="ὁμοιόσημος" key2="ὁμοιόσημος" cls="1" bse="ὁμοιοσημ" end="ος_ον"/>
<l id="n73675" key="ὁμοιόσκευος" key2="ὁμοιόσκευος" cls="1" bse="ὁμοιοσκευ" end="ος_ον"/>

Snippet (nouns decl. I)

<l id="n164" key="ἁβροβάτης" key2="ἁβροβάτης" gnt="ου" gnd="ὁ" dcl="1" bse="ἁβροβατ" end="ης"/>
<l id="n169" key="ἁβροδίαιτα" key2="ἁβροδίαιτα" gnt="ας" gnd="ἡ" dcl="1" bse="ἁβροδιαιτ" end="α"/>

Snippet (nouns decl. II)

<l id="n397" key="ἄγγελος" key2="ἄγγελος" gnt="ου" gnd="ὁ" dcl="2" bse="ἀγγελ" end="ος"/>
<l id="n410" key="ἄγεθλον" key2="ἄγεθλον" gnt="ου" gnd="τό" dcl="2" bse="ἀγεθλ" end="ον"/>
<l id="n442" key="ἀγελητρόφος" key2="ἀγελητρόφος" gnt="ου" gnd="ὁ" dcl="2" bse="ἀγελητροφ" end="ος"/>

Perseus DL - https://github.com/PerseusDL/lexica/ (last commit: 2022-08-19)

Perseus Digital Library comprises various Greek and Latin digital resources. More details: https://github.com/PerseusDL/lexica/wiki The resources are distributed across two places:

• https://github.com/PerseusDL/lexica (last commit: 2022-08-19) - which contains the LSJ (1940) lexicon of LSJ
  • Betacode
  • Perseus format (XML)
  • 271M
• http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/opensource/download - contains all materials referred to in the lexica

Snippet

<entryFree id="n92041"
           key="r(abdouxe/w"
           type="main"
           opt="n"
           TEIform="entryFree">
    <orth extent="full" lang="greek" opt="n" TEIform="orth">r(abdoux-e/w</orth>,
    <sense id="n92041.0" n="A" level="1" opt="n" TEIform="sense">
        <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">to be a</tr>
        <foreign lang="greek" TEIform="foreign">r(abdou=xos</foreign>, <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">carry a rod</tr> or <tr
            opt="n" TEIform="tr">wand</tr>, esp. as a badge
        <pb n="1563" TEIform="pb"/>
        of office,
        <bibl default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Hippias Erythr.</author>
        </bibl>
        ap.
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:259d"
              default="NO"
              TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Ath.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">6.259d</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        ; of the Roman lictors, <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">bear the fasces</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001:48:43"
              default="NO"
              TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">D.C.</author>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">48.43</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        :—
        <gramGrp opt="n" TEIform="gramGrp">
            <gram type="voice" opt="n" TEIform="gram">Pass.</gram>
        </gramGrp>
        , <tr opt="n" TEIform="tr">have the fasces borne before one</tr>,
        <bibl n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg005:10" default="NO" TEIform="bibl">
            <author TEIform="author">Plu.</author>
            <title TEIform="title">Num.</title>
            <biblScope TEIform="biblScope">10</biblScope>
        </bibl>
        .
    </sense>
</entryFree>

Betacode converters

Betacode is a romanized way of representing Greek texts (e.g. ὠμόβυρσος -> w)mo/bursos) (wikipedia). There's a bunch of tools allowing for working with this format and converting it to Unicode.

More reading:

• The process poses a range of problems which were listed in PerseusDL/tei-conversion-tools .
• Should I use TLG betacode or Unicode for polytonic classical Greek in my electronic publications?

Online Betacode <-> Unicode converters

• https://apps.perseids.org/beta-code/ bidirectional, paste from/to clipboard style
• https://www.translatum.gr/converter/beta-code.htm bidirectional, paste from/to clipboard style
• https://cental.uclouvain.be/beta2uni/ Betacode -> Unicode converter, accepts txt files

Python packages

• https://github.com/jtauber/greek-utils (last commit: 2022-07-07) Allows for Betacode -> Unicode conversion
• https://github.com/matgrioni/betacode (last commit: 2022-10-05) Bidirectional conversions