ncryptf/ncryptf-java

ncryptf for Java 8+ - Secure API authentication and end to end encryption

ncryptf Java

A library for facilitating hashed based KDF signature authentication, and end-to-end encrypted communication with compatible API's.

Installing

This library can be installed via Maven or Gradle via a JitPack checkout:

Maven

1. Add jitpack.io as a repository dependency in your pom.xml.

<repository>
    <id>jitpack.io</id>
    <url>https://jitpack.io</url>
</repository>

2. Add this repository as a dependency. Be sure to replace LATEST_TAG_FROM_GITHUB appropriately.

<dependency>
    <groupId>>com.ncryptf</groupId>
    <artifactId>ncryptf-java</artifactId>
    <version>LATEST_TAG_FROM_GITHUB</version>
</dependency>

Gradle

1. Add jitpack.io to your root bundle.gradle file:

allprojects {
    repositories {
        ...
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
    }
}

2. Add this repository as a dependency. Be sure to replace LATEST_TAG_FROM_GITHUB appropriately.

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.github.charlesportwoodii:ncryptf-java:LATEST_TAG_FROM_GITHUB'
}

Testing

./gradlew clean install test

Documentation

Documentation is available on JitPack for the master branch.

Javadoc documentation can be generated by running the following command:

./gradlew javadoc

The HTML documentation will be placed in ./target/site/apidocs/index.html

HMAC+HKDF Authentication

HMAC+HKDF Authentication is an Authentication method that allows ensures the request is not tampered with in transit. This provides resiliance not only against network layer manipulation, but also man-in-the-middle attacks.

At a high level, an HMAC signature is created based upon the raw request body, the HTTP method, the URI (with query parameters, if present), and the current date. In addition to ensuring the request cannot be manipulated in transit, it also ensures that the request is timeboxed, effectively preventing replay attacks.

The library itself is made available by importing the following struct:

Supporting API's will return the following payload containing at minimum the following information.

{
    "access_token": "7XF56VIP7ZQQOLGHM6MRIK56S2QS363ULNB5UKNFMJRQVYHQH7IA",
    "refresh_token": "MA2JX5FXWS57DHW4OIHHQDCJVGS3ZKKFCL7XM4GNOB567I6ER4LQ",
    "ikm": "bDEyECRvKKE8w81fX4hz/52cvHsFPMGeJ+a9fGaVvWM=",
    "signing": "7v/CdiGoEI7bcj7R2EyDPH5nrCd2+7rHYNACB+Kf2FMx405und2KenGjNpCBPv0jOiptfHJHiY3lldAQTGCdqw==",
    "expires_at": 1472678411
}

After extracting the elements, we can create signed request by doing the following:

import com.ncryptf.Token;
import com.ncryptf.Authorization;
import com.ncryptf.exceptions.*;

Token token = new Token(
    accessToken,
    refreshToken,
    ikm,
    signing,
    expiresAt
);

try {
    Authorization auth = new Authorization(
        httpMethod,
        uri,
        token,
        date,
        payload
    );

    String header = auth.getHeader();
} catch (KeyDerivationException e) {
    // Handle errors
}

A trivial full example is shown as follows:

import com.ncryptf.Token;
import com.ncryptf.Authorization;
import com.ncryptf.exceptions.*;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

Token token = new Token(
    "7XF56VIP7ZQQOLGHM6MRIK56S2QS363ULNB5UKNFMJRQVYHQH7IA",
    "7XF56VIP7ZQQOLGHM6MRIK56S2QS363ULNB5UKNFMJRQVYHQH7IA",
    Base64.decodeBase64("bDEyECRvKKE8w81fX4hz/52cvHsFPMGeJ+a9fGaVvWM="),
    Base64.decodeBase64("7v/CdiGoEI7bcj7R2EyDPH5nrCd2+7rHYNACB+Kf2FMx405und2KenGjNpCBPv0jOiptfHJHiY3lldAQTGCdqw=="),
    ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochSecond(1472678411), ZoneOffset.UTC)
)

ZonedDateTime date = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.UTC);

try {
    Authorization auth = new Authorization(
        "POST",
        "/api/v1/test",
        token,
        date,
        "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}"
    );

    String header = auth.getHeader();
} catch (KeyDerivationException e) {
    // Handle errors
}

Note that the date property should be pore-offset when calling Authorization to prevent time skewing.

The payload parameter should be a JSON serializable string.

Version 2 HMAC Header

The Version 2 HMAC header, for API's that support it can be retrieved by calling:

String header = auth.getHeader();

Version 1 HMAC Header

For API's using version 1 of the HMAC header, call Authorization with the optional version parameter set to 1 for the 6th parameter.

try {
    Authorization auth = new Authorization(
        httpMethod,
        uri,
        token,
        date,
        payload,
        1
    );

    String header = auth.getHeader();
} catch (KeyDerivationException e) {
    // Handle errors
}

This string can be used in the Authorization Header

Date Header

The Version 1 HMAC header requires an additional X-Date header. The X-Date header can be retrieved by calling auth.getDateString()

Encrypted Requests & Responses

This library enables clients to establish and trusted encrypted session on top of a TLS layer, while simultaniously (and independently) providing the ability authenticate and identify a client via HMAC+HKDF style authentication.

The rationale for this functionality includes but is not limited to:

1. Necessity for extra layer of security
2. Lack of trust in the network or TLS itself (see https://blog.cloudflare.com/incident-report-on-memory-leak-caused-by-cloudflare-parser-bug/)
3. Need to ensure confidentiality of the Initial Key Material (IKM) provided by the server for HMAC+HKDF authentication
4. Need to ensure confidentiality of user submitted credentials to the API for authentication

The primary reason you may want to establish an encrypted session with the API itself is to ensure confidentiality of the IKM to prevent data leakages over untrusted networks to avoid information being exposed in a Cloudflare like incident (or any man-in-the-middle attack). Encrypted sessions enable you to utilize a service like Cloudflare should a memory leak occur again with confidence that the IKM and other secure data would not be exposed.

To encrypt, decrypt, sign, and verify messages, you'll need to be able to generate the appropriate keys. Internally, this library uses lazysodium-java to perform all necessary cryptography functions, though any libsodium implementation for Java would suffice.

Encryption Keys

Encryption uses a sodium crypto box. A keypair can be generated as follows when using lazy-sodium.

import com.ncryptf.Utils;
import com.ncryptf.Keypair;
Keypair kp = Utils.generateKeypair();

Signing Keys

Encryption uses a sodium signature. A keypair for signing can be generated as follows using lazy-sodium:

import com.ncryptf.Utils;
import com.ncryptf.Keypair;
Keypair kp = Utils.generateSigningKeypair();

Encrypted Request Body

Payloads can be encrypted as follows:

import com.ncryptf.Request;
import com.ncryptf.exceptions.*;
import java.util.Base64;

// Arbitrary string payload
String payload = "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}";

try {
    // 32 byte secret and public key. Extract from kp.get...().getAsBytes(), or another libsodium method
    Request request = new Request(secretKeyBytes, signingSecretKeyBytes /* token.signature */);

    // Cipher now contains the encryted data
    // Signature should be the signature private key previously agreed upon with the sender
    // If you're using a `Token` object, this should be the `.signature` property
    byte[] cipher = request.encrypt(payload, remotePublicKey);

    // Send as encrypted request body
    String b64Body = Base64.getEncoder().encode(cipher);

    // Do your http request here
} catch (EncryptionFailedException e) {
    // Handle encryption errors here
}

Note that you need to have a pre-bootstrapped public key to encrypt data. For the v1 API, this is typically this is returned by /api/v1/server/otk.

Decrypting Responses

Responses from the server can be decrypted as follows:

import com.ncryptf.Response;
import com.ncryptf.exceptions.*;
import java.util.Base64;

try {
    // Grab the raw response from the server
    byte[] responseFromServer = Base64.getDecoder().decode("<HTTP-Response-Body>");
    Response response = new Response(clientSecretKey);

    String decrypted = response.decrypt(responseFromServer, remotePublicKey);
} catch (InvalidChecksumException e) {
    // Checksum is not valid. Request body was tampered with
} catch (InvalidSignatureException e) {
    // Signature verification failed
} catch (DecryptionFailedException e) {
    // Decryption failed. This may be an issue with the provided nonce, or keypair being used
}

V2 Encrypted Payload

Verison 2 works identical to the version 1 payload, with the exception that all components needed to decrypt the message are bundled within the payload itself, rather than broken out into separate headers. This alleviates developer concerns with needing to manage multiple headers.

The version 2 payload is described as follows. Each component is concatanated together.

Segment	Length
4 byte header DE259002 in binary format	4 BYTES
Nonce	24 BYTES
The public key associated to the private key	32 BYTES
Encrypted Body	X BYTES
Signature Public Key	32 BYTES
Signature or raw request body	64 BYTES
Checksum of prior elements concatonated together	64 bytes