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database-for-observed-data's Introduction

Database for observed data

This database (ObsDataPK_OSP.xlsx) stores pharmacokinetic data from publicly available sources (e.g. peer-reviewed articles etc.). The database is described in the data item specification list: obsDataPK_OSP_DISL.docx.

Respective PK data have carefully been transferred and digitized from the referenced original sources.

The sub-database DDI.csv represents the sheet DDI of ObsDataPK_OSP.xlsx and may serve as input to qualification plans in the context of drug-drug interactions (DDI).

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database-for-observed-data's Issues

DDI.csv Empty entries in the mechanism column

For some observed data records the Mechanism column is empty in the DDI table:

Entries with empty Mechanism
ID Study ID Reference Grouping Victim Perpetrator Route Victim Route Perpetrator Mechanism
401 Saari 2006 https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pubmed/16580904 po with Perpetrator (Voriconazole) Midazolam Voriconazole PO PO
404 Saari 2006 https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pubmed/16580904 iv with Perpetrator (Voriconazole) Midazolam Voriconazole IV PO
761 Kharasch 2011b https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584707/ Alfentanil IV Grapefruit coadmin sequential Alfentanil Grapefruit juice IV PO
765 Kharasch 2011b https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584707/ Alfentanil IV Grapefruit coadmin simultaneous Alfentanil Grapefruit juice IV PO
769 Kharasch 2011b https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584707/ Alfentanil PO Grapefruit coadmin sequential Alfentanil Grapefruit juice PO PO
773 Kharasch 2011b https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584707/ Alfentanil PO Grapefruit coadmin simultaneous Alfentanil Grapefruit juice PO PO
1106 Fleishaker 1994 https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pubmed/8005185 Fluvoxamine + alprazolam Fluvoxamine Alprazolam PO PO
1114 Fleishaker 1994 https://www,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/pubmed/8005185 Fluvoxamine + alprazolam (day 10) Fluvoxamine Alprazolam PO PO
211 Jacobson 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/15518608/ Pravastatin with Itraconazole Pravastatin Itraconazole PO PO
1124 Neuvonen 1998 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/9542477/ Pravastatin with Itraconazole Pravastatin Itraconazole PO PO
1126 Kantola 2000 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/10952477/ Pravastatin with Fluconazole Pravastatin Fluconazole PO PO
1129 Maeda 2011 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/21832990/ Pravastatin with Itraconazole Pravastatin Itraconazole PO PO
1130 Maeda 2011 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/21832990/ Pravastatin with Rifampicin Pravastatin Rifampicin PO PO
1146 Azie 1998 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/9797793/ with Diltiazem Pravastatin Diltiazem PO PO
1149 Lutz 2018a https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/29569723/ Cohort 2, 2 mg Rifampicin Pravastatin Rifampicin PO PO
1150 Lutz 2018a https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/29569723/ Cohort 1, 10 mg Rifampicin Pravastatin Rifampicin PO PO
1151 Lutz 2018a https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/29569723/ Cohort 1, 75 mg Rifampicin Pravastatin Rifampicin PO PO
1152 Lutz 2018a https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/29569723/ Cohort 2, 600 mg Rifampicin Pravastatin Rifampicin PO PO
1169 Jacobson 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/15518608/ Pravastatin with Verapamil Pravastatin Verapamil PO PO
1172 Jacobson 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/15518608/ Pravastatin with Clarithromycin Pravastatin Clarithromycin PO PO
1174 Yee 2019 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/30982223/ Pravastatin with Cyclosporin Pravastatin Cyclosporin PO PO
1183 Becquemont 2007 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/17301736/ with Amiodarone Pravastatin Amiodarone PO PO
1185 Mazzu 2000 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/11061579/ Pravastatin + Itraconazole Pravastatin Itraconazole PO PO
1198 Kyrklund 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12811363/ with Gemfibrozil Pravastatin Gemfibrozil PO PO
1200 Kyrklund 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/14748817/ with Rifampicin (MD 600 mg) Pravastatin Rifampicin PO PO
3003 Verstuyft 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12545143/ 0,5mg with dipyridamole Digoxin Dipyridamole PO PO
3014 Ding 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/15229466/ 0,5mg iv with ritonavir Digoxin Ritonavir IV PO
3022 Lalonde 1985 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/3978996/ 0,01mg/kg charcoal Digoxin Charcoal IV PO
3025 Rengelshausen 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12848773/ 0,75mg/kg po with clarithromycin Digoxin Clarithromycin PO PO
3028 Tsutsumi 2002 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12362931/ 0,5mg iv with erythromycin Digoxin Erythromycin IV PO
3029 Tsutsumi 2002 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12362931/ 0,5mg iv with clarithromycin Digoxin Clarithromycin IV PO
3031 Tsutsumi 2002 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12362931/ 0,5mg iv with erythromycin Digoxin Erythromycin IV PO
3032 Tsutsumi 2002 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12362931/ 0,5mg iv with clarithromycin Digoxin Clarithromycin IV PO
3034 Becquemont 2001 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/11673746/ 0,5mg po with grapefruit juice Digoxin Grapefruit Juice PO PO
3036 Eckermann 2012 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/21257799/ 0,25mg po with roflumilast Digoxin Roflumilast PO PO
3044 Martin 1997 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/9205830/ 0,6mg po with Eprosartan Digoxin Eprosartan PO PO
3046 Oosterhuis 1991 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/1954072/ 1mg po with omeprazole Digoxin Omeprazole PO PO
3048 Ragueneau 1999 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/10510161/ 0,5mg po with clarithromycin Digoxin Clarithromycin PO PO
3050 Tayrouz 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12732840/ 0,5mg po with Cremophor RH40 Digoxin Cremophor Rh40 PO PO
3052 Westphal 2000 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/10945310/ 0,5mg po with talinolol p,o. Digoxin Talinolol PO PO
3053 Westphal 2000 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/10945310/ 0,5mg po with talinolol i,v. Digoxin Talinolol PO PO
3056 Friedrich 2011 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/21340661/ 0,25mg po md with linagliptin Digoxin Linagliptin PO PO
3060 Kirch 1986 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/3943268/ 2x0,25mg po md with nifedipine Digoxin Nifedipine PO PO
3063 Rodin 1988 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/2967742/ 2x0,25mg po md with verapamil Digoxin Verapimil PO PO
3065 Rodin 1988 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/2967742/ 2x0,25mg po md with isradipine Digoxin Isradipine PO PO
3067 Vaidyanathan 2008 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/18784280/ 0,25mg po pd with aliskiren Digoxin Aliskiren PO PO
3077 Sanofi-Aventis 2009 https://www,accessdata,fda,gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2009/022425s000_ClinPharm_P2,pdf 0,25mg md QD with dronedarone 400mg bid Digoxin dronedarone PO PO
3078 Qiu 2010 https://ascpt,onlinelibrary,wiley,com/doi/epdf/10,1038/clpt,2009,277 0,125mg md QD with dimebon 20mg TID Digoxin dimebon PO PO
6110 Balogh 1995 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/7589032/ Caffeine + Ethinylestradiol Caffeine Ethinylestradiol PO PO
10027 Yu 2001 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/11309556/ EM Moclobemide + Omeprazole Moclobemide Omeprazole PO PO
11048 Cho 2002 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/11966672/ EM + moclobemide Omeprazole Moclobemide PO PO
11049 Cho 2002 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/11966672/ PM + moclobemide Omeprazole Moclobemide PO PO
11050 Yasui-Furukori 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/15025747/ Omeprazole + Fluvoxamine (EM) Omeprazole Fluvoxamine PO PO
11052 Yasui-Furukori 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/15025747/ Omeprazole + Fluvoxamine (PM) Omeprazole Fluvoxamine PO PO
13017 Granfors 2004 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/14998432/ Tizanidine + Fluvoxamine Tizanidine Fluvoxamine PO PO
13018 Momo 2010 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/19789372/ Tizanidine + Mexiletine Tizanidine Mexiletine PO PO
14002 Granfors 2005 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/16198659/ Tizanidine + Ethinylestradiol Tizanidine Ethinylestradiol PO PO
14004 Jeppesen 1996 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/8807660/ Caffeine + Fluvoxamine Caffeine Fluvoxamine PO PO
14006 Culm-Merdek 2005 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/16236038/ Caffeine + Fluvoxamine Caffeine Fluvoxamine PO PO
14008 Joeres 1987 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/3628469/ Caffeine + Mexiletine Caffeine Mexiletine PO PO
14010 Kusumoto 2001 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/11240973/ Mexiletine + Fluvoxamine Mexiletine Fluvoxamine PO PO
15001 Yao 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12695344/ With 37,5mg Fluvoxamine S-Mephenytoin Fluvoxamine PO PO
15002 Yao 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12695344/ With 62,5mg Fluvoxamine S-Mephenytoin Fluvoxamine PO PO
15003 Yao 2003 https://pubmed,ncbi,nlm,nih,gov/12695344/ With 87,5mg Fluvoxamine S-Mephenytoin Fluvoxamine PO PO

This results in subchapters with empty title in the DDI reports, if the subplots by "Mechanism" are selected by user.
It would be better to fill "Unspecified" or "Mixed" or whatever instead.

Change character encoding scheme for R scripts to UTF-8

The script auxiliaryFunctions.R seems to be encoded using ANSI which sometimes makes troubles.

For example, when displaying the script in Raw mode, some special characters like µ are corrupted:
image
When I create a local Git clone of the repository and open the file in R, these special characters are neither correctly handled:
image

Changing the encoding scheme to UTF-8 might solve this.

Dayton 1963 has wrong PK-profile data points

PK-profiles 16918 - 16921 from Dayton 1963 seem incorrect.
It seems there was a mistake when digitised points were copied.

For example profile 16918 first has 8 correct timeconcentration values (0 - 25h; rows 27174 to 27181) but then also additionally 4 more data points (rows 27182 to 27185) for 0.5 to 33h which do not exist in the mapped IV profile. Instead, these data points belong to a PO profile in the same figure, but the corresponding PK profile is not defined in the "Studies" sheet.

Similarly study 16920 seems to have datapoints of not just 1 profile but 3...

Entry mistakes - how to correct? where to report?

Hey,

I am unsure how to best proceed, if I shall make a PR or just raise it here, but I found some mistakes in entries:

  1. Study ID 1086 - 1089 (Lam 2003) says Avg Height is 168,8 "m"

-> this should be 168,8 "cm"
-> its obvious, but I also checked the original publication ("...the mean height was 168.8 ± 11.5 cm.")

I see that the ID was already highlighted in red, but I couldnt find any information what this means...

  1. Study ID 10015 - 10026 (Raaflaub 1984)
    The Datapoints (of the IV PK profile) are not pointing to the correct Study IDs (10021 - 10026). But instead they also point to the PO study IDs from the same paper (10015 - 10020). The IV Studies (10021 - 10026) are then for this reason not having any associated PK data points.

DDI sheet: remove newlines

The newlines in the DDI sheet of ObsDataPK_OSP.xlsx result in line breaks in DDI.csv and should be removed:
image

DDI.csv:
image

Error running script:

Running

fdir <- dirname(sys.frame(1)$ofile)

produces the error

Error in sys.frame(1) : not that many frames on the stack

Complete information on selected studies in Studies, DDI and Projects sheet

Wrong time values for Tsutsumi 2002 (ID: 3028, 3029, 3031, 3032)

ID 3028, 3029: The time values for digoxin concentrations in the treatment phase seem to be shifted by 1 h relative to macrolide administration, yet there is no indication for it in the study. Should be corrected to simultaneous administration of macrolide + digoxin on Day 2.

ID 3031, 3032: The time values for the treatment phase should refer to the time after first erythromycin/clarithromycin dose and not to the time after first digoxin dose.

Wrong t_treatment_0 for pravastatin DDI studies ID 211 & 1124

The value for t_treatment_0 in the sheet DDI is wrong for the following pravastatin DDI studies:

  • Jacobson 2004, ID 211: t_treatment_0 should be 696 instead of 24 h
  • Neuvonen 1998, ID 1124: t_treatment_0 should be 74 instead of 0 h

t_treatment_end is also wrong for Jacobson 2004 and should be adjusted accordingly

Kuhnz 1996

hello,

the Kuhnz 1996 (study ID 7012) indicates a treatment of 0.06 mg IV at time 0h.
However, data points after 168 h show another sudden peak in the plasma concentration.

The paper indicates that this is because a second IV was performed, but this information is missing in the Times of Administration entry. I am still not entirely sure I understand the standard nomenclature correctly, but maybe sth like "0-168". Although, this would also not be entirely correct, because this would still miss the information that subjects were given "daily oral doses of 0.06 mg
ethinyloestradiol for 8 days" before the second IV was performed. So maybe it would be more clean to split the 2 profiles? The paper itself (fig 1) also shows them as two independent lines...

Time values wrong for ID: 16073 (Muirhead 2002a, Treatment Phase)

In the study design by Muirhead 2002a (PMID: 11879258), erythromycin is only given for 5 days (from Day 2 - 6). In the treatment phase, sildenafil was administered 4 days and 1 h after initiation of erythromycin dosing, i.e. at 97 h. The time values for sildenafil plasma concentrations in the database should thus be shifted by 24 h

Inconsistent compound name for total dabigatran

Currently, total dabigatran is refered to as both total Dabigatran and Dagigatran total but only the latter is listed in the Analyte sheet with a molecular weight. This throws an error when running the R script and compound naming should be aligned

R-script run give error at 1rst compound building block (Rifampicin)

After including pediatric qualification related drug-datasets, i runned the r-script to generate data-building blocks, however at the first drug it already crashes, which is Rifampicin.

I dont know if this is a script bug, or dataset error! Please fix asap.

Message:

Error in getOrgan(studies$Compartment[SELECT_study], eachID) : 
  Unknown Compartment: Duodenum|Intracellular for 1358 
4.
stop("Unknown Compartment: ", compartment, " for ", eachID) at auxiliaryFunctions.R#229
3.
getOrgan(studies$Compartment[SELECT_study], eachID) 
2.
matrix(c("DB Version", "OSP DATABASE", "ID", as.character(studies$ID[SELECT_study]), 
    "Study Id", studies$Study[SELECT_study], "Reference", as.character(studies$Reference[SELECT_study]), 
    "Source", studies$Source[SELECT_study], "Grouping", studies$Grouping[SELECT_study], 
    "Data type", dataType, "N", ifelse(as.character(studies$N[SELECT_study]) !=  ... 
1.
as.data.frame(matrix(c("DB Version", "OSP DATABASE", "ID", as.character(studies$ID[SELECT_study]), 
    "Study Id", studies$Study[SELECT_study], "Reference", as.character(studies$Reference[SELECT_study]), 
    "Source", studies$Source[SELECT_study], "Grouping", studies$Grouping[SELECT_study], 
    "Data type", dataType, "N", ifelse(as.character(studies$N[SELECT_study]) !=  ... 

DDI.csv is broken

When trying to use the current DDI.csv within the reporting engine, an error is thrown:

Error using readtable (line 216)
Reading failed at line 248. All lines of a text file must have the same number of delimiters. Line 248 has 34 delimiters, while preceding lines have 41.

Looking at the csv, there is a newline entry in a data set:

image
coming from a cell with a new line in excel:

image

Please fix ASAP, I cannot fix it on my own as my systems locale csv export ist with , as delimiter and not ;.

Ochs 1975 entries

hello,

the Ochs 1975 entries (3000; 3068; 3080-3086) are described as having route = IV

however, the comment in "administered form" states that
"0.5 mg digoxin in 0.66 ml aqueous alcoholic solution (Lanicor ® Liquidum, Boehringer, Mannheim) was injected through the coloscope into the transverse colon"

so then wouldnt it be better/more accurate to change the route of these entries to (for example) "intracolonic"?
in the same way that the Cox 1986 study for example is tagged as route = intraduodenal ....
surely the PK profile looks significantly different from what it would look like after true IV administration...

Pediatrics.csv corrupted

In some records part was moved to the next line.

I really wonder why RE did not crash before. Now it does.

grafik

Tsutsumi 2002 (ID: 3027) have wrong time values

The time values for Tsutsumi 2002 (ID: 3027) appear wrong. According to Fig. 1 in the publication, tmax should be at 1 h post dose. It seems that 1 h needs to be subtracted from all time values

Wrong/Inconsistent comment(s)

In some newly added comments: numbers age given sometimes with "." as decimal separator, sometimes with ","
Comments are not evaluated by the qualification workflows, so it will not affect any qualification result, but is just inconsstent.
grafik

Also the representation of CI is different:
AUC(0-inf): -51.9–-0.4 [95%CI]; AUC(0-12): (-51,7 to -0,4) [95%CI];

And the numbers are wrong (negative AUC/Cmax)

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