大型中后台项目一般包括10个以上的子项目，如果维护在一个单页面应用中，项目就会越来越大，而且不利于版本的迭代，微前端就很好的解决了这些问题。
这篇文章主要来体验下蚂蚁的微前端：qiankun，虽然比较成熟了，但在体验过程中还是有一些问题，记录总结下，项目代码
实践项目以react单页面应用为主应用，然后构建了三个微应用：react、vue3、node静态页面
启动项目
git clone
cd micro-front-demo
yarn install
yarn start
微前端要求多个前端服务，所以我们先准备几个应用，使用不同的技术栈，体验微前端的强大
mirco-front-demo作为整个服务的根目录，为了便于实践，主应用和微应用将放在一起。
主应用：
- my-app
- port: 10000
- create-react-app
微应用：
- micro-reat-1
- port: 10100
- create-react-app
- micro-vue-2
- port: 10200
- vue3
- micro-static-3
- port: 10300
- node + html
需要提前安装create-react-app：
sudo npx install create-react-app
通过create-react-app创建主应用my-app，其他的微应用都会挂载到主应用。
# 在根目录
mkdir mirco-front-demo
cd mirco-front-demo
# 新建主应用my-app
npx create-react-app my-app
cd my-app
# 通过.env文件修改启动端口
echo "PORT=10000" > .env
yarn startcd micro-front-demo
npx create-react-app micro-react-1
同主应用一样创建一个React应用，命名micro-react-1，并修改启动端口号（也可以使用.env文件修改）
修改启动端口号：
{
"scripts": {
"start": "PORT=10100 react-app-rewired start",
"build": "react-app-rewired build",
"test": "react-app-rewired test",
"eject": "react-app-rewired eject"
}
}使用vue3.0，提前安装vue-cli：
yarn global add @vue/cli，官方文档
vue create micro-vue-2
cd micro-vue-2
touch vue.config.js除了微应用1和微应用2修改启动端口号的方法，这里也可以对webpack进行覆盖
vue-config.js
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
transpileDependencies: true,
devServer: {
// 监听端口
port: 10200,
// 配置跨域请求头，解决开发环境的跨域问题
headers: {
"Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
}
}
}启动微应用yarn serve
# 新建微应用项目3
mkdir micro-static-3
cd micro-static-3
npm init
yarn add express cors
# 新建项目文件
mkdir static
touch index.js
cd static
touch index.htmlindex.js
const express = require('express')
const cors = require('cors')
const app = express()
const port = 10300
app.use(cors())
app.use(express.static('static'));
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Example app listening on port ${port}`)
})启动微应用node index.js
cd mirco-front-demo
npm init
yarn add npm-run-all -D修改当前目录下package.json
{
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "npm-run-all --parallel start:*",
"start:main": "cd my-app && yarn start",
"start:micro-react": "cd micro-react-1 && yarn start",
"start:micro-vue": "cd micro-vue-2 && yarn serve",
"start:micro-static": "cd micro-static-3 && node index.js"
}
}
执行命令
cd micro-front-demo
yarn start
这样就同时启动了四个前端服务
改造下主应用样式，整个顶部导航栏和侧边栏属于主应用，而中间空白的部分可以展示主应用或子应用的页面。
主应用路由安装react-router-dom，通过history模式渲染。
在侧边栏点击不同的链接会加载不同的子应用，样式和路由具体可以看示例代码
修改单页面应用渲染根节点root为main-root，防止和微应用中渲染节点冲突。
并且增加一个通过id标记的DIV，用来嵌入微应用，接着引入qiankun，这里id=subApp用来挂载微应用
yarn add qiankun
在src/index.js中配置
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import { registerMicroApps, start } from 'qiankun';
import './index.css';
import App from './App';
function render(){
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.querySelector('#main-root'));
}
render({});
registerMicroApps([
{
name: 'react', // app name registered
entry: '//localhost:10100',
container: "#subApp",
activeRule: '/react'
},
{
name: 'vue', // app name registered
entry: '//localhost:10200',
container: "#subApp",
activeRule: '/vue'
},
{
name: 'static', // app name registered
entry: '//localhost:10300',
container: "#subApp",
activeRule: '/static'
}
], {
beforeLoad: app => {
console.log('before load app.name=====>>>>>', app.name)
},
beforeMount: [
app => {
console.log('[LifeCycle] before mount %c%s', 'color: green;', app.name)
}
],
afterMount: [
app => {
console.log('[LifeCycle] after mount %c%s', 'color: green;', app.name)
}
],
afterUnmount: [
app => {
console.log('[LifeCycle] after unmount %c%s', 'color: green;', app.name)
}
]
})
start()引入react-router-dom给微应用配置路由，展示不同的页面，如下：
修改src/index.js下启动文件
function render(props) {
const { container } = props;
ReactDOM.render(<App />, container ? container.querySelector('#root') : document.querySelector('#root'));
}
if (!window.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {
render({});
}
export async function bootstrap() {
console.log('[react16] react app bootstraped');
}
export async function mount(props) {
console.log('[react16] props from main framework', props);
render(props);
}
export async function unmount(props) {
const { container } = props;
ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container ? container.querySelector('#root') : document.querySelector('#root'));
}给微应用添加导出声明周期函数，微应用挂载成功时，渲染到当前应用的root节点。
当前cra并没有释放webpack配置，所以要通过插件覆盖配置:
yarn add react-app-rewired -D
"scripts": {
"start": "PORT=10100 react-app-rewired start",
"build": "react-app-rewired build",
"test": "react-app-rewired test",
"eject": "react-app-rewired eject"
}在当前微应用根目录下touch config-overrides.js
const { name } = require('./package');
module.exports = {
webpack: (config, env) => {
config.output.library = `${name}-[name]`;
config.output.libraryTarget = 'umd';
config.output.globalObject = 'window';
config.output.chunkLoadingGlobal = `webpackJsonp_${name}`;
return config;
},
devServer: (_) => {
const config = _;
config.headers = {
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
};
config.historyApiFallback = true;
config.hot = false;
config.watchContentBase = false;
config.liveReload = false;
config.injectClient = false
return config;
}
}启动微应用yarn start，正常运行
新增 public-path.js 文件，用于修改运行时的 publicPath
src/public-path.js
if (window.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {
__webpack_public_path__ = window.__INJECTED_PUBLIC_PATH_BY_QIANKUN__;
}引入vue路由，设置成history模式，baseRouter设置成vue，导出声明周期函数
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import './public-path'
const app = createApp(App);
function render(props) {
const { container } = props;
app.use(router)
.mount(container ? container.querySelector('#app') : '#app')
}
export async function bootstrap() {
console.log('bootstrap');
}
export async function mount(props) {
console.log('mount', props);
render(props);
}
export async function unmount() {
console.log('unmount');
app.unmount();
}修改webpack配置vue.config.js
module.exports = defineConfig({
configureWebpack: {
output: {
// 微应用的包名，这里与主应用中注册的微应用名称一致
library: name,
// 将你的 library 暴露为所有的模块定义下都可运行的方式
libraryTarget: "umd",
// 按需加载相关，设置为 webpackJsonp_微应用名称 即可
chunkLoadingGlobal: `webpackJsonp_${name}`,
}
}
})启动应用yarn serve
这是一个express服务启动的静态服务
文件入口导出声明周期entry.js
const render = ($) => {
$('#app').html('Hello, render html, 一个通过http服务部署的静态网站');
return Promise.resolve();
};
((global) => {
global['static'] = {
bootstrap: () => {
console.log('purehtml bootstrap');
return Promise.resolve();
},
mount: () => {
console.log('purehtml mount');
return render($);
},
unmount: () => {
console.log('purehtml unmount');
return Promise.resolve();
},
};
})(window);
然后在模版文件导入
其实也是挂载在了app节点。
启动当前微服务node index.js
cd micro-front-demo
yarn start
'__webpack_public_path__' is not defined
Uncaught Error: single-spa minified message #20
覆盖CRA的Webpack配置
const { name } = require('./package');
module.exports = {
webpack: (config) => {
config.output.library = `${name}-[name]`;
config.output.libraryTarget = 'umd';
config.output.jsonpFunction = `webpackJsonp_${name}`;
config.output.globalObject = 'window';
return config;
},
devServer: (_) => {
const config = _;
config.headers = {
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
};
config.historyApiFallback = true;
config.hot = false;
config.watchContentBase = false;
config.liveReload = false;
return config;
},
};
这里报错，是因为是webpack5.x不兼容config.output.jsonpFunction的写法，需要替换成config.output.chunkLoadingGlobal
construct.js:17 Uncaught Error: application 'react' died in status LOADING_SOURCE_CODE: [qiankun]: You need to export lifecycle functions in react entry
没有将生命周期暴露出来，需要挨个检查下面的配置
Invalid configuration object. Webpack has been initialized using a configuration object that does not match the API schema.
- configuration.output has an unknown property 'jsonpFunction'. These properties are valid:
object { assetModuleFilename?, asyncChunks?, auxiliaryComment?, charset?, chunkFilename?, chunkFormat?, chunkLoadTimeout?, chunkLoading?, chunkLoadingGlobal?, clean?, compareBeforeEmit?, crossOriginLoading?, cssChunkFilename?, cssFilename?, devtoolFallbackModuleFilenameTemplate?, devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate?, devtoolNamespace?, enabledChunkLoadingTypes?, enabledLibraryTypes?, enabledWasmLoadingTypes?, environment?, filename?, globalObject?, hashDigest?, hashDigestLength?, hashFunction?, hashSalt?, hotUpdateChunkFilename?, hotUpdateGlobal?, hotUpdateMainFilename?, iife?, importFunctionName?, importMetaName?, library?, libraryExport?, libraryTarget?, module?, path?, pathinfo?, publicPath?, scriptType?, sourceMapFilename?, sourcePrefix?, strictModuleErrorHandling?, strictModuleExceptionHandling?, trustedTypes?, umdNamedDefine?, uniqueName?, wasmLoading?, webassemblyModuleFilename?, workerChunkLoading?, workerWasmLoading? }
-> Options affecting the output of the compilation. `output` options tell webpack how to write the compiled files to disk.
Did you mean output.chunkLoadingGlobal (BREAKING CHANGE since webpack 5)?
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