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测试机器配置

CPU: 4核 i9 9900K 3.6~4.7GHZ

测试用例

  1. 使用vertx-web时限HTTP服务，接收POST请求并交给虚拟线程异步处理。
  2. 使用Jackson反序列化请求body。
  3. 向虚拟线程池提交10个异步任务，任务内部随机sleep50~100毫秒模拟IO阻塞操作。
  4. 重新序列化body并返回给客户端。

简单总结

  • AOT能带来极快的启动速度。
  • PGO可以带来不错的提升。
  • JIT能够提供更高的吞吐量，但是内存占用较高。
  • 经过PGO优化的G1收集器下，吞吐量和CPU利用效率略弱于JIT，但是内存使用率大幅降低。
  • 使用串行GC的Native-Image吞吐量表现较差，但内存利用效率是最高的。
  • 盲目增加堆内存大小除了浪费内存之外并不能带来明显的性能提升，堆内存的分配最好结合压测数据调整。

综上：

  • 对启动速度和内存占用不敏感的应用程序而言，JIT是最好的选择。吞吐量高、CPU利用率是最高的，但是内存占用也很高。
  • 对内存利用率敏感的程序而言，开启了G1的原生镜像会是更好的选择。吞吐量和CPU利用率稍逊JIT，但能节省大量的内存。
  • 对于服务器资源配置很低的情况，可以考虑选择基于串行GC的原生镜像。

测试成绩

限制最大堆内存500m

Metric/Runtime GraalVM-JIT Native-serial Native-serial-PGO Native-G1 Native-G1-PGO
Peak throughput 23000 9200 10200 16050 17800
Cpu Usage 220% 155% 150% 285% 290%
Throughput per cpu 10454 5935 6800 5631 6138
Memory Usage(max RSS) 1800m 330m 330m 600m 583m
Throughput per memory 12778 27878 30909 26750 30532

吞吐量（越大越好）

image-20230921210617170

CPU使用率（越低越好）

image-20230921210708025

内存占用（越低越好）

image-20230921210755694

限制最大堆内存1000m

Metric/Runtime GraalVM-JIT Native-serial Native-serial-PGO Native-G1 Native-G1-PGO
Peak throughput 24600 12600 13200 19650 21800
Cpu Usage 220% 170% 155% 240% 270%
Throughput per cpu 11182 7412 8516 8188 8074
Memory Usage(max RSS) 2000m 500m 550m 1100m 1100m
Throughput per memory 12300 25200 24000 17864 19818

吞吐量（越大越好）

image-20230921204524798

CPU使用率（越低越好）

image-20230921205230335

内存占用（越低越好）

image-20230921205312435

限制最大堆内存2000m

Metric/Runtime GraalVM-JIT Native-serial Native-serial-PGO Native-G1 Native-G1-PGO
Peak throughput 23200 15300 16650 19400 21800
Cpu Usage 210% 200% 190% 240% 230%
Throughput per cpu 11048 7650 8763 8083 9478
Memory Usage(max RSS) 2200m 900m 900m 2000m 1900m
Throughput per memory 10545 17000 18500 9700 11474

吞吐量（越大越好）

image-20230921204837169

CPU使用率（越低越好）

image-20230921205106222

内存占用（越低越好）

image-20230921205154424

限制最大堆内存50m

最后在附上最大堆内存50m的测试成绩

Metric/Runtime GraalVM-JIT Native-serial Native-serial-PGO Native-G1 Native-G1-PGO
Peak throughput 14200 5500 5900 6770 6520
Cpu Usage 242% 150% 145% 240% 228%
Throughput per cpu 5868 3667 4069 2821 2860
Memory Usage(max RSS) 999m 100m 90m 140m 103m
Throughput per memory 14214 55000 65555 48357 63300

吞吐量（越大越好）

image-20230922184520983

CPU使用率（越低越好）

image-20230922184703004

内存占用（越低越好）

image-20230922184824736

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