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Author: Chris Arriola
Title: Algorithms
Description: Solutions to various common interview programming problems. This
    contains questions from the book "Cracking the Coding Interview" (written
    in Java).
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General Advice for Technical Questions:
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1. Resolve ambiguity by asking questions.
2. Design an algorithm.
3. Write pseudo-code first (mention to interviewer that you're writing pseudocode).
4. Write your code, not too slow and not too fast.
5. Test your code and carefully fix any mistakes.

Five Algorithm Approaches:
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1. Examplify - write out specific examples of the problem, and see if you can figure
    out a general rule.

2. Pattern Matching - consider what problems the algorithm is similar to, and figure
    if you can modify the solution to develop an algorithm for this problem.

3. Simplify & Generalize - Change a constraint (data type, size, stc.) to simplify
    the problem. Then try to solve it. Once you have an algorithm for the "simplified"
    problem, generalize the problem again.

4. Base Case & Build - Solve the algorithm for a base case then try to solve if for
    elements one and two, assuming that you have the answer for element one. Then,
    try to solve it for elements one, two, and three, assuming that you have the
    answer to elements one and two.

5. Data Structure Brainstorm - Simply run through a list of data structures and
    try to apply each one (brute force ftw!!!).