从源码编译： https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain
从APT安装（Ubuntu 20.04或更新）：
sudo apt-get install crossbuild-essential-riscv64
本tutorial会介绍三种不同的RISC-V模拟环境的搭建：
-
优势：不依赖RISC-V硬件，开发快速便捷
-
缺点：与真实硬件存在较大差异，未支持模拟微体系结构（如cache、TLB）等
适用场景：软件功能开发、验证、调试等
安装依赖：https://wiki.qemu.org/Hosts/Linux
sudo apt-get install git libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev ninja-build gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu pkg-config-riscv64-linux-gnu从源码编译QEMU：
注：QEMU版本需要7.0或更新
git clone https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu.git rv-emul-qemu
cd rv-emul-qemu
git submodule init
git submodule update --recursive
./configure --target-list="riscv32-softmmu riscv64-softmmu" --cross-prefix=riscv64-linux-gnu-
make
cd ..在./configure这步根据每个人主机环境不同，可能还需要主机环境中有一系列RISCV64架构的基础库，建议参考链接https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO
配置成功后应当可以成功进行如下安装:
sudo apt-get install libpixman-1-dev:riscv64
sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev:riscv64
注：Linux版本需要5.16或更新，config可自行调整，需保证CONFIG_KVM开启
git clone https://github.com/kvm-riscv/linux.git
export ARCH=riscv
export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-
mkdir build-host
make -C linux O=`pwd`/build-host defconfig
make -C linux O=`pwd`/build-host生成rootfs_kvm_host.img
export ARCH=riscv
export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-
git clone https://github.com/kvm-riscv/howto.git
wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
tar -C . -xvf ./busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
mv ./busybox-1.33.1 ./busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox-1.33.1_defconfig busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/.config
make -C busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host oldconfig
make -C busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host install
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/etc/init.d
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/dev
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/proc
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/sys
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/apps
ln -sf /sbin/init busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/init
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox/fstab busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/etc/fstab
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox/rcS busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/etc/init.d/rcS
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox/motd busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/etc/motd
cp -f ./build-host/arch/riscv/kvm/kvm.ko busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/apps
cd busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install; find ./ | cpio -o -H newc > ../../rootfs_kvm_host.img; cd -./rv-emul-qemu/build/qemu-system-riscv64 \
-cpu rv64 \
-M virt \
-m 1024M \
-nographic \
-kernel ./build-host/arch/riscv/boot/Image \
-initrd ./rootfs_kvm_host.img \
-append "root=/dev/ram rw console=ttyS0 earlycon=sbi"启动后验证Host Linux的KVM是否使能成功
_ _
| ||_|
| | _ ____ _ _ _ _
| || | _ \| | | |\ \/ /
| || | | | | |_| |/ \
|_||_|_| |_|\____|\_/\_/
Busybox Rootfs
Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ #
/ # cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
hart : 0
isa : rv64imafdcsuh
mmu : sv48
/ # cat /proc/interrupts
CPU0
1: 0 SiFive PLIC 11 101000.rtc
2: 153 SiFive PLIC 10 ttyS0
5: 449 RISC-V INTC 5 riscv-timer
IPI0: 0 Rescheduling interrupts
IPI1: 0 Function call interrupts
IPI2: 0 CPU stop interrupts
/ # insmod apps/kvm.ko
/ # dmesg | grep kvm
[ 1.094977] kvm [1]: hypervisor extension available
[ 1.096555] kvm [1]: host has 14 VMID bits
[ 20.254215] random: fast init done
-
优势：硬件仿真，支持模拟微体系结构（如cache、TLB）等
-
缺点：运行速度较慢，与真实芯片存在一定差异因此性能不准确
适用场景：硬件功能开发、验证、调试等
环境搭建请参考FPGA官方文档：https://static.dev.sifive.com/SiFive-U500-vc707-gettingstarted-v0.2.pdf
-
优势：Cycle-Accurate的硬件仿真
-
缺点：运行速度极慢，价格高昂
适用场景：硬件性能测试等
在上述三种RISC-V环境中，基于Host Linux使用KVM的步骤基本一致，故以QEMU模拟环境为例统一介绍如下：
注：Linux版本与config可自行调整，如需使用I/O则开启CONFIG_VIRTIO相关选项
git clone https://github.com/kvm-riscv/linux.git
export ARCH=riscv
export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-
mkdir build-guest
make -C linux O=`pwd`/build-guest defconfig
make -C linux O=`pwd`/build-guestgit clone https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu.git kvm-qemu
cd kvm-qemu
git submodule init
git submodule update --recursive
export ARCH=riscv
export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu-
./configure --target-list="riscv32-softmmu riscv64-softmmu"
make
cd ..生成rootfs_kvm_guest.img
export ARCH=riscv
export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-
tar -C . -xvf ./busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
mv ./busybox-1.33.1 ./busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox-1.33.1_defconfig busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/.config
make -C busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest oldconfig
make -C busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest install
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/etc/init.d
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/dev
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/proc
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/sys
mkdir -p busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/apps
ln -sf /sbin/init busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/init
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox/fstab busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/etc/fstab
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox/rcS busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/etc/init.d/rcS
cp -f ./howto/configs/busybox/motd busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install/etc/motd
cd busybox-1.33.1-kvm-guest/_install; find ./ | cpio -o -H newc > ../../rootfs_kvm_guest.img; cd -重新生成rootfs_kvm_host.img
cp -f ./build-guest/arch/riscv/boot/Image busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/apps
cp -f ./kvm-qemu/build/qemu-system-riscv64 busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/apps
cp -f ./rootfs_kvm_guest.img busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install/apps
cd busybox-1.33.1-kvm-host/_install; find ./ | cpio -o -H newc > ../../rootfs_kvm_host.img; cd -./rv-emul-qemu/build/qemu-system-riscv64 \
-cpu rv64 \
-M virt \
-m 1024M \
-nographic \
-kernel ./build-host/arch/riscv/boot/Image \
-initrd ./rootfs_kvm_host.img \
-append "root=/dev/ram rw console=ttyS0 earlycon=sbi"./qemu-system-riscv64 \
-cpu host \
--enable-kvm \
-M virt \
-m 512M \
-nographic \
-kernel ./Image \
-initrd ./rootfs_kvm_guest.img \
-append "root=/dev/ram rw console=ttyS0 earlycon=sbi"
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