The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.
These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.
You can use this horrible tiny webpage to turn a benchmark log into nicely-formatted markdown tables.
All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):
- Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
- Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
- Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
- Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:
- Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
- Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
- Update: updates a buffer as structured data
Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.
This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 272.75 µs | 2.5038 ms* | 1705800 | 502508 | 414446 |
| bare | 792.88 µs | 3.2283 ms | 765778 | 312739 | 264630 |
| bincode | 454.15 µs | 3.2685 ms | 1045784 | 374305 | 311761 |
| borsh | 490.44 µs | 3.3022 ms | 885780 | 363280 | 286514 |
| bson | 2.9165 ms | 11.594 ms | 1924682 | 537661 | 376270 |
| capnp | 756.87 µs | † | 1443216 | 509618 | 428649 |
| cbor | 1.8518 ms | 6.7333 ms | 1407835 | 407372 | 324081 |
| flatbuffers | 2.0908 ms | † | 1276368 | 469962 | 388832 |
| nachricht | 6.6919 ms | 6.0471 ms | 818669 | 334639 | 285514 |
| postcard | 408.56 µs | 3.3318 ms | 724953 | 303462 | 253747 |
| prost | 3.2077 ms* 606.96 µs* | 3.8758 ms | 764951 | 269811 | 227947 |
| rkyv | 349.26 µs | 2.5895 ms* 3.5071 ms* | 1011488 | 384478 | 333545 |
| rmp | 1.6215 ms | 4.4073 ms | 784997 | 326654 | 278219 |
| ron | 18.374 ms | 22.232 ms | 1607459 | 452648 | 349713 |
| scale | 582.97 µs | 3.2767 ms | 765778 | 312771 | 264518 |
| serde_json | 3.9122 ms | 9.2056 ms | 1827461 | 474358 | 361090 |
| simd-json | 4.3502 ms | 6.5077 ms | 1827461 | 474358 | 361090 |
| speedy | 314.90 µs | 2.7904 ms | 885780 | 363280 | 286514 |
| alkahest | 261.98 µs | † | 1045784 | 454748 | 389424 |
| dlhn | 765.26 µs | 3.7853 ms | 724953 | 302512 | 253629 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 38.567 µs* | 60.703 µs* | ‡ |
| capnp | 105.99 ns* | 378.57 µs* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 3.2078 ns* 2.2613 ms* | 100.85 µs* 2.3809 ms* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.4874 ns* 1.0070 ms* | 17.012 µs* 986.85 µs* | 19.521 µs |
| alkahest | 2.7356 ns* | 52.580 µs* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 96.05% | 100.00%* | 42.50% | 53.69% | 55.00% |
| bare | 33.04% | 77.56% | 94.67% | 86.27% | 86.14% |
| bincode | 57.69% | 76.60% | 69.32% | 72.08% | 73.12% |
| borsh | 53.42% | 75.82% | 81.84% | 74.27% | 79.56% |
| bson | 8.98% | 21.60% | 37.67% | 50.18% | 60.58% |
| capnp | 34.61% | † | 50.23% | 52.94% | 53.18% |
| cbor | 14.15% | 37.19% | 51.49% | 66.23% | 70.34% |
| flatbuffers | 12.53% | † | 56.80% | 57.41% | 58.62% |
| nachricht | 3.91% | 41.40% | 88.55% | 80.63% | 79.84% |
| postcard | 64.12% | 75.15% | 100.00% | 88.91% | 89.83% |
| prost | 8.17%* 43.16%* | 64.60% | 94.77% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| rkyv | 75.01% | 96.69%* 71.39%* | 71.67% | 70.18% | 68.34% |
| rmp | 16.16% | 56.81% | 92.35% | 82.60% | 81.93% |
| ron | 1.43% | 11.26% | 45.10% | 59.61% | 65.18% |
| scale | 44.94% | 76.41% | 94.67% | 86.26% | 86.17% |
| serde_json | 6.70% | 27.20% | 39.67% | 56.88% | 63.13% |
| simd-json | 6.02% | 38.47% | 39.67% | 56.88% | 63.13% |
| speedy | 83.19% | 89.73% | 81.84% | 74.27% | 79.56% |
| alkahest | 100.00% | † | 69.32% | 59.33% | 58.53% |
| dlhn | 34.23% | 66.15% | 100.00% | 89.19% | 89.87% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 0.00%* | 28.02%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 1.40%* | 4.49%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 46.37%* 0.00%* | 16.87%* 0.71%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 0.00%* | 100.00%* 1.72%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 54.37%* | 32.35%* | ‡ |
This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 511.18 µs | 509.64 µs* | 6000024 | 5380837 | 5345891 |
| bare | 5.9274 ms | 5.7132 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345900 |
| bincode | 4.4554 ms | 5.6998 ms | 6000008 | 5380823 | 5345890 |
| borsh | 5.3946 ms | 5.7872 ms | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345889 |
| bson | 64.121 ms | 127.34 ms | 23013911 | 9211138 | 7497811 |
| capnp | 9.8149 ms | † | 14000088 | 6729881 | 6051062 |
| cbor | 46.675 ms | 55.805 ms | 13122324 | 7527423 | 6759658 |
| flatbuffers | 879.31 µs | † | 6000024 | 5380800 | 5345910 |
| nachricht | 153.89 ms | 39.431 ms | 8125037 | 6495174 | 6386940 |
| postcard | 746.25 µs | 1.4454 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345900 |
| prost | 9.5792 ms* 7.7317 ms* | 17.622 ms | 8750000 | 6683814 | 6421871 |
| rkyv | 600.76 µs | 510.41 µs* 508.78 µs* | 6000008 | 5380822 | 5345892 |
| rmp | 16.973 ms | 20.036 ms | 8125006 | 6496879 | 6391037 |
| ron | 224.89 ms | 381.01 ms | 22192885 | 9009575 | 8138755 |
| scale | 4.8492 ms | 5.6044 ms | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345889 |
| serde_json | 101.10 ms | 99.404 ms | 26192883 | 9612105 | 8586741 |
| simd-json | 109.06 ms | 160.04 ms | 39152823 | 16587283 | 14549214 |
| speedy | 508.25 µs | 508.84 µs | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345889 |
| alkahest | 508.35 µs | † | 6000008 | 5380823 | 5345890 |
| dlhn | 5.8955 ms | 8.0786 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345900 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 2.5900 ns* | 270.86 µs* | ‡ |
| capnp | 175.03 ns* | 5.3535 ms* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 3.3138 ns* 46.180 ns* | 85.427 µs* 87.514 µs* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.5406 ns* 11.572 ns* | 46.584 µs* 48.056 µs* | 263.58 µs |
| alkahest | 2.7369 ns* | 162.11 µs* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 99.43% | 99.83%* | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bare | 8.57% | 8.91% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bincode | 11.41% | 8.93% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| borsh | 9.42% | 8.79% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bson | 0.79% | 0.40% | 26.07% | 58.42% | 71.30% |
| capnp | 5.18% | † | 42.86% | 79.95% | 88.35% |
| cbor | 1.09% | 0.91% | 45.72% | 71.48% | 79.09% |
| flatbuffers | 57.80% | † | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| nachricht | 0.33% | 1.29% | 73.85% | 82.84% | 83.70% |
| postcard | 68.11% | 35.20% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| prost | 5.31%* 6.57%* | 2.89% | 68.57% | 80.50% | 83.25% |
| rkyv | 84.60% | 99.68%* 100.00%* | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| rmp | 2.99% | 2.54% | 73.85% | 82.82% | 83.65% |
| ron | 0.23% | 0.13% | 27.04% | 59.72% | 65.68% |
| scale | 10.48% | 9.08% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| serde_json | 0.50% | 0.51% | 22.91% | 55.98% | 62.26% |
| simd-json | 0.47% | 0.32% | 15.32% | 32.44% | 36.74% |
| speedy | 100.00% | 99.99% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 99.98% | † | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| dlhn | 8.62% | 6.30% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 59.48%* | 17.20%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 0.88%* | 0.87%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 46.49%* 3.34%* | 54.53%* 53.23%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 13.31%* | 100.00%* 96.94%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 56.29%* | 28.74%* | ‡ |
This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 255.70 µs | 1.9249 ms* | 1290592 | 397928 | 339063 |
| bare | 871.13 µs | 3.1827 ms | 356311 | 213270 | 198488 |
| bincode | 642.57 µs | 2.5893 ms | 569975 | 240897 | 232423 |
| borsh | 570.14 µs | 2.7127 ms | 446595 | 234395 | 210008 |
| bson | 4.3511 ms | 12.290 ms | 1619653 | 506953 | 328399 |
| capnp | 622.41 µs | † | 803896 | 336655 | 280851 |
| cbor | 1.9276 ms | 6.4994 ms | 1109821 | 347812 | 274526 |
| flatbuffers | 3.2942 ms | † | 844168 | 346957 | 294015 |
| nachricht | 6.6536 ms | 5.1471 ms | 449745 | 252743 | 231110 |
| postcard | 459.41 µs | 2.6699 ms | 367489 | 222144 | 207344 |
| prost | 3.8316 ms* 1.3238 ms* | 4.5505 ms | 596811 | 306728 | 269310 |
| rkyv | 413.02 µs | 1.8094 ms* 2.6971 ms* | 596952 | 254523 | 220366 |
| rmp | 1.7313 ms | 3.9884 ms | 424533 | 245594 | 226188 |
| ron | 9.8254 ms | 22.654 ms | 1465223 | 439761 | 343338 |
| scale | 688.02 µs | 2.7914 ms | 356311 | 213188 | 198524 |
| serde_json | 4.1702 ms | 10.033 ms | 1623191 | 472275 | 359623 |
| simd-json | 4.1968 ms | 6.3116 ms | 1663769 | 496401 | 383682 |
| speedy | 422.44 µs | 2.2893 ms | 449595 | 235136 | 210361 |
| alkahest | 298.30 µs | † | 667570 | 325536 | 320452 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 60.515 µs* | 61.636 µs* | ‡ |
| capnp | 106.18 ns* | 628.65 ns* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 3.3440 ns* 2.3031 ms* | 2.7482 µs* 2.2716 ms* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.6073 ns* 835.87 µs* | 194.36 ns* 799.16 µs* | 1.5155 µs |
| alkahest | 2.9192 ns* | 20.155 µs* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 100.00% | 94.00%* | 27.61% | 53.57% | 58.54% |
| bare | 29.35% | 56.85% | 100.00% | 99.96% | 100.00% |
| bincode | 39.79% | 69.88% | 62.51% | 88.50% | 85.40% |
| borsh | 44.85% | 66.70% | 79.78% | 90.95% | 94.51% |
| bson | 5.88% | 14.72% | 22.00% | 42.05% | 60.44% |
| capnp | 41.08% | † | 44.32% | 63.33% | 70.67% |
| cbor | 13.27% | 27.84% | 32.11% | 61.29% | 72.30% |
| flatbuffers | 7.76% | † | 42.21% | 61.45% | 67.51% |
| nachricht | 3.84% | 35.15% | 79.23% | 84.35% | 85.88% |
| postcard | 55.66% | 67.77% | 96.96% | 95.97% | 95.73% |
| prost | 6.67%* 19.32%* | 39.76% | 59.70% | 69.50% | 73.70% |
| rkyv | 61.91% | 100.00%* 67.09%* | 59.69% | 83.76% | 90.07% |
| rmp | 14.77% | 45.37% | 83.93% | 86.81% | 87.75% |
| ron | 2.60% | 7.99% | 24.32% | 48.48% | 57.81% |
| scale | 37.16% | 64.82% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 99.98% |
| serde_json | 6.13% | 18.03% | 21.95% | 45.14% | 55.19% |
| simd-json | 6.09% | 28.67% | 21.42% | 42.95% | 51.73% |
| speedy | 60.53% | 79.04% | 79.25% | 90.67% | 94.36% |
| alkahest | 85.72% | † | 53.37% | 65.49% | 61.94% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 0.00%* | 0.32%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 1.51%* | 30.92%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 48.07%* 0.00%* | 7.07%* 0.01%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 0.00%* | 100.00%* 0.02%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 55.06%* | 0.96%* | ‡ |
* mouse over for situational details
† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own
‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)
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