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python单例模式装饰器

单例模式，也叫单子模式，是一种常用的软件设计模式，属于创建型模式的一种。在应用这个模式时，单例对象的类必须保证只有一个实例存在。许多时候整个系统只需要拥有一个的全局对象，这样有利于我们协调系统整体的行为。比如在某个服务器程序中，该服务器的配置信息存放在一个文件中，这些配置数据由一个单例对象统一读取，然后服务进程中的其他对象再通过这个单例对象获取这些配置信息。这种方式简化了在复杂环境下的配置管理。

在python中，我们通过装饰器可以很好的实现单例模式。大概思路为，创建一个全局的字典，类实例化时装饰器去字典中查询是否已被实例化，是的话则直接返回，否的话则创建后返回。

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