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Premissions
顾名思义就是权限管理,用来给 ViewSet 设置权限,使用 premissions 可以方便的设置不同级别的权限:

全局权限控制
ViewSet 的权限控制
Method 的权限
Object 的权限
被 premission 拦截的请求会有如下的返回结果:

当用户已登录,但是被 premissions 限制,会返回 HTTP 403 Forbidden
当用户未登录,被 premissions 限制会返回 HTTP 401 Unauthorized
默认的权限
rest_framework 中提供了七种权限

AllowAny # 无限制
IsAuthenticated # 登陆用户
IsAdminUser # Admin 用户
IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly # 非登录用户只读
DjangoModelPermissions # 以下都是根据 Django 的 ModelPremissions
DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly
DjangoObjectPermissions
全局权限控制
在 settings.py 中可以设置全局默认权限

# settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
    ),
}
ViewSet 的权限
可以设置 permission_classes 的类属性来给 viewset 设定权限,restframework 会检查元组内的每一个 premission,必须要全部通过才行。

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    # 设置权限,是一个元组
    permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
自定义权限
Premissions 可以非常方便的定制,比如我就自己写了一个只允许 owner 编辑的权限

# myproject/myapp/premissions.py

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals, absolute_import

from rest_framework import permissions


class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission):

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """针对每一次请求的权限检查"""
        if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS:
            return True

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        """针对数据库条目的权限检查,返回 True 表示允许"""
        # 允许访问只读方法
        if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS:
            return True

        # 非安全方法需要检查用户是否是 owner
        return obj.owner == request.user

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