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Some examples for the use of boost::python

License: Boost Software License 1.0

C++ 60.28% Python 12.19% Shell 5.90% CMake 21.50% Ruby 0.12%

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boost-python-examples's Issues

build on Ubuntu 16.04 with build.sh

The 'build.sh' script fails on building the embedding example.
Cmake output tells me:
-- Could NOT find Boost: missing: python-py3 (found /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.71.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found version "1.71.0"))

A solution was removing '-DPYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX=-py3' in line 10 of 'build.sh'.
After that the build of all the examples was successful, also the tests.

Environment:

OS: Ubuntu Linux
Version 16.04
Python Version 3.5
Boost Version 1.71
gcc (Ubuntu 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) 5.5.0 20171010

I couldn't build project

Hi, I'm new to Boost.Python and I got some errors on a build.

Environment:

Python 3.6 in conda environment
Linux Ubuntu 16.04

I tried cmake as following

(py36boost_python_example) young@young-desktop:~/Downloads/boost-python-examples-master/build$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found PythonInterp: /home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/bin/python (found version "3.6.8") 
CMake Warning at /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:725 (message):
  Imported targets not available for Boost version 106900
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:763 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1332 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:8 (FIND_PACKAGE)


-- Boost version: 1.69.0
-- Found the following Boost libraries:
--   python
-- Found PythonInterp: /home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/bin/python (found suitable version "3.6.8", minimum required is "3") 
-- Found PythonLibs: /home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/lib/libpython3.6m.so (found suitable version "3.6.8", minimum required is "3") 
-- PYTHON_LIBRARIES = /home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/lib/libpython3.6m.so
-- PYTHON_EXECUTABLE = /home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/bin/python
-- PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS = /home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/include/python3.6m
-- Boost_LIBRARIES = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/young/Downloads/boost-python-examples-master/build

And I tried make but I ran into errors at compiling a project of 10-Embedding

(py36boost_python_example) young@young-desktop:~/Downloads/boost-python-examples-master/build$ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[  3%] Building CXX object 01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/hello.cpp.o
[  6%] Linking CXX shared module hello.so
[  6%] Built target hello
Scanning dependencies of target classes
[ 10%] Building CXX object 02-ExposingClasses/CMakeFiles/classes.dir/classes.cpp.o
[ 13%] Linking CXX shared module classes.so
[ 13%] Built target classes
Scanning dependencies of target ctor
[ 16%] Building CXX object 03-Constructors/CMakeFiles/ctor.dir/ctor.cpp.o
[ 20%] Linking CXX shared module ctor.so
[ 20%] Built target ctor
Scanning dependencies of target member
[ 23%] Building CXX object 04-ClassMembers/CMakeFiles/member.dir/member.cpp.o
[ 26%] Linking CXX shared module member.so
[ 26%] Built target member
Scanning dependencies of target inheritance
[ 30%] Building CXX object 05-Inheritance/CMakeFiles/inheritance.dir/inheritance.cpp.o
[ 33%] Linking CXX shared module inheritance.so
[ 33%] Built target inheritance
Scanning dependencies of target virtual
[ 36%] Building CXX object 06-VirtualFunctionsInPython/CMakeFiles/virtual.dir/virtual.cpp.o
[ 40%] Linking CXX shared module virtual.so
[ 40%] Built target virtual
Scanning dependencies of target operators
[ 43%] Building CXX object 07-Operators/CMakeFiles/operators.dir/operators.cpp.o
[ 46%] Linking CXX shared module operators.so
[ 46%] Built target operators
Scanning dependencies of target policies
[ 50%] Building CXX object 08-CallPolicies/CMakeFiles/policies.dir/policies.cpp.o
[ 53%] Linking CXX shared module policies.so
[ 53%] Built target policies
Scanning dependencies of target overload
[ 56%] Building CXX object 09-Overloading/CMakeFiles/overload.dir/overload.cpp.o
[ 60%] Linking CXX shared module overload.so
[ 60%] Built target overload
Scanning dependencies of target mymodule
[ 63%] Building CXX object 10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/mymodule.dir/mymodule.cpp.o
[ 66%] Linking CXX shared module mymodule.so
[ 66%] Built target mymodule
Scanning dependencies of target embedding
[ 70%] Building CXX object 10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o
[ 73%] Building CXX object 10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o
[ 76%] Linking CXX executable embedding
CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: In function `PyInit_mymodule':
mymodule.cpp:(.text+0x7e): undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::init_module(PyModuleDef&, void (*)())'
CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: In function `main':
embedding.cpp:(.text+0x210): undefined reference to `boost::python::exec_file(char const*, boost::python::api::object, boost::python::api::object)'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_Size'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyUnicodeUCS4_FromEncodedObject'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyFile_FromString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_Type'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyInt_Type'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_FromString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyUnicodeUCS4_AsWideChar'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_FromStringAndSize'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `Py_InitModule4_64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_FromFormat'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyNumber_Divide'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyNumber_InPlaceDivide'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyInt_AsLong'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_InternFromString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyClass_Type'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyString_AsString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyInt_FromLong'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so: undefined reference to `PyFile_AsFile'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/build.make:124: recipe for target '10-Embedding/embedding' failed
make[2]: *** [10-Embedding/embedding] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:619: recipe for target '10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:94: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

I tried to build Boost Python with Python3 option like this

- Download the lastest version of Boost from http://www.boost.org/
- Execute bootstrap.sh
./bootstrap.sh --with-python=python3.6
- Compile Boost in directory :
./b2
- Install Boost headers
sudo ./b2 install

I've built Boost.Python in this directory

/home/young/Downloads/boost_1_69_0  
After build, instruction says  
add library path with  
/home/young/Downloads/boost_1_69_0/stage/lib  
add compiler include path with  
/home/young/Downloads/boost_1_69_0

But after I try cmake I get different desired paths

young@young-desktop:~/Downloads/boost-python-examples-master/build$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found PythonInterp: /home/young/anaconda3/bin/python (found version "3.7.1") 
CMake Warning at /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:725 (message):
  Imported targets not available for Boost version 106900
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:763 (_Boost_COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES)
  /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1332 (_Boost_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
  CMakeLists.txt:8 (FIND_PACKAGE)


-- Boost version: 1.69.0
-- Found the following Boost libraries:
--   python
-- Found PythonInterp: /home/young/anaconda3/bin/python (found suitable version "3.7.1", minimum required is "3") 
-- Found PythonLibs: /home/young/anaconda3/lib/libpython3.7m.so (found suitable version "3.7.1", minimum required is "3") 
-- PYTHON_LIBRARIES = /home/young/anaconda3/lib/libpython3.7m.so
-- PYTHON_EXECUTABLE = /home/young/anaconda3/bin/python
-- PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS = /home/young/anaconda3/include/python3.7m
-- Boost_LIBRARIES = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python.so
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/young/Downloads/boost-python-examples-master/build

I'm using conda environment which resides in

/home/young/anaconda3/envs/py36boost_python_example/bin

I'm new to this, please guide me how to configure variables for build and proper linking.

__Py_tracemalloc_config

I am trying to use boost-python3 and get the following error while running tests. I got exactly the same one when trying to test my own library using boost-python3
I suspect that is is due to boost-python3 built with python 3.8.2 using homebrew, while the standard brew python3 version is 3.7.7

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "hello.py", line 3, in
import hello
ImportError: dlopen(/scratch/source/boost-python-examples-master/build/01-HelloWorld/hello.so, 2): Symbol not found: __Py_tracemalloc_config
Referenced from: /usr/local/opt/boost-python3/lib/libboost_python38.dylib
Expected in: flat namespace
in /usr/local/opt/boost-python3/lib/libboost_python38.dylib

Test time = 0.03 sec

Set up travis

for Linux and OSX

Example with python lists and std::vector

Hi,
Can you please write an example using std::vectors as method arguments and calling them from python with lists.
Thx.

how do you Generate function stubs（support IDE autocomplete） from C module

PYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX issue

i think it must be
PYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX=3
instead of
PYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX=-py3
-py3 working, but Boost returns /usr/lib/libboost_python.so that usually links to /usr/lib/libboost_python2.so.

Build instructions for inclusion in existing project

Hi Achim,

This is a great tutorial, thank you so much for it. I'm currently in the process of rewriting a small portion of my (large) Python codebase in C++, and am wondering how to best configure CMake for that. I've noticed that you copy all your python scripts into the build directory, which for my use case is probably a bit inconvenient - my project is mainly Python, and only one foo/bar.py should be replaced by Boost.Python C++ code (so far). Therefore, I'd prefer to do an in-place build.

Do you have any experience with, or best-practice recommendations for this?

Thanks,
Thomas

the executable file doesn't return something

Hi ,
it's my first time trying boost python , and I have successfully built the hello world cmake file but when I run the output file it doesn't show anything whereas it suppose to print a greeting I suppose.

Test Error on tests 10 and 13 building under Ubuntu 16.04.2

I get the following error when building under Ubuntu 16.04.2

      Start 10: 10-Embedding
*** Error in `/home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/10-Embedding/embedding': double free or corruption (!prev): 0x000000000240eb60 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x777e5)[0x7f1207e277e5]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7fe0a)[0x7f1207e2fe0a]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(cfree+0x4c)[0x7f1207e3398c]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(fclose+0x103)[0x7f1207e1d363]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0(+0x1579ad)[0x7f12088689ad]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0(_ZN5boost6python9exec_fileENS0_3strENS0_3api6objectES3_+0xe8)[0x7f1208cd57e8]
/home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/10-Embedding/embedding(main+0x22a)[0x41795f]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0)[0x7f1207dd0830]
/home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/10-Embedding/embedding(_start+0x29)[0x412ca9]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-0041d000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 97015995                           /home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/10-Embedding/embedding
0061c000-0061d000 r--p 0001c000 fc:00 97015995                           /home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/10-Embedding/embedding
0061d000-0061e000 rw-p 0001d000 fc:00 97015995                           /home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/10-Embedding/embedding
02354000-0242b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
7f1200000000-7f1200021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1200021000-7f1204000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1206f91000-7f1207269000 r--p 00000000 fc:00 78382848                   /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
7f1207269000-7f1207371000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f1207371000-7f1207570000 ---p 00108000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f1207570000-7f1207571000 r--p 00107000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f1207571000-7f1207572000 rw-p 00108000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f1207572000-7f1207574000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f1207574000-7f1207773000 ---p 00002000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f1207773000-7f1207774000 r--p 00001000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f1207774000-7f1207775000 rw-p 00002000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f1207775000-7f1207778000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f1207778000-7f1207977000 ---p 00003000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f1207977000-7f1207978000 r--p 00002000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f1207978000-7f1207979000 rw-p 00003000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f1207979000-7f1207992000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f1207992000-7f1207b91000 ---p 00019000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f1207b91000-7f1207b92000 r--p 00018000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f1207b92000-7f1207b93000 rw-p 00019000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f1207b93000-7f1207bab000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f1207bab000-7f1207daa000 ---p 00018000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f1207daa000-7f1207dab000 r--p 00017000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f1207dab000-7f1207dac000 rw-p 00018000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f1207dac000-7f1207db0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1207db0000-7f1207f6f000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f1207f6f000-7f120816f000 ---p 001bf000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f120816f000-7f1208173000 r--p 001bf000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f1208173000-7f1208175000 rw-p 001c3000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f1208175000-7f1208179000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1208179000-7f120818f000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102502725                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f120818f000-7f120838e000 ---p 00016000 fc:00 102502725                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f120838e000-7f120838f000 rw-p 00015000 fc:00 102502725                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f120838f000-7f1208501000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f1208501000-7f1208701000 ---p 00172000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f1208701000-7f120870b000 r--p 00172000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f120870b000-7f120870d000 rw-p 0017c000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f120870d000-7f1208711000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1208711000-7f1208a03000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f1208a03000-7f1208c03000 ---p 002f2000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f1208c03000-7f1208c05000 r--p 002f2000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f1208c05000-7f1208c7c000 rw-p 002f4000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f1208c7c000-7f1208c9f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1208c9f000-7f1208ce8000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f1208ce8000-7f1208ee8000 ---p 00049000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f1208ee8000-7f1208ee9000 r--p 00049000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f1208ee9000-7f1208eeb000 rw-p 0004a000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f1208eeb000-7f1208f11000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498646                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
7f1208f73000-7f12090ee000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f120910d000-7f1209110000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f1209110000-7f1209111000 r--p 00025000 fc:00 102498646                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
7f1209111000-7f1209112000 rw-p 00026000 fc:00 102498646                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
7f1209112000-7f1209113000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffcc5687000-7ffcc56a8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7ffcc5752000-7ffcc5754000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0                          [vvar]
7ffcc5754000-7ffcc5756000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
10/13 Test #10: 10-Embedding .....................***Exception: Other  0.21 sec
      Start 11: 11-Iterators
11/13 Test #11: 11-Iterators .....................   Passed    0.02 sec
      Start 12: 12-Exceptions
12/13 Test #12: 12-Exceptions ....................   Passed    0.01 sec
      Start 13: 13-AutoInstantiation
*** Error in `/home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/13-AutoInstantiation/auto_instance': double free or corruption (!prev): 0x0000000002581b60 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x777e5)[0x7f8b153ec7e5]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7fe0a)[0x7f8b153f4e0a]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(cfree+0x4c)[0x7f8b153f898c]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(fclose+0x103)[0x7f8b153e2363]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0(+0x1579ad)[0x7f8b15e2d9ad]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0(_ZN5boost6python9exec_fileENS0_3strENS0_3api6objectES3_+0xe8)[0x7f8b1629a7e8]
/home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/13-AutoInstantiation/auto_instance(main+0x22e)[0x41aa25]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0)[0x7f8b15395830]
/home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/13-AutoInstantiation/auto_instance(_start+0x29)[0x4158b9]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00421000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 97135564                           /home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/13-AutoInstantiation/auto_instance
00620000-00621000 r--p 00020000 fc:00 97135564                           /home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/13-AutoInstantiation/auto_instance
00621000-00622000 rw-p 00021000 fc:00 97135564                           /home/kkiningh/Workspace/tbteset/boost-python/boost-python-examples/build/13-AutoInstantiation/auto_instance
024c7000-0259e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
7f8b10000000-7f8b10021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b10021000-7f8b14000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b14556000-7f8b1482e000 r--p 00000000 fc:00 78382848                   /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
7f8b1482e000-7f8b14936000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f8b14936000-7f8b14b35000 ---p 00108000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f8b14b35000-7f8b14b36000 r--p 00107000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f8b14b36000-7f8b14b37000 rw-p 00108000 fc:00 102498640                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.23.so
7f8b14b37000-7f8b14b39000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f8b14b39000-7f8b14d38000 ---p 00002000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f8b14d38000-7f8b14d39000 r--p 00001000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f8b14d39000-7f8b14d3a000 rw-p 00002000 fc:00 102500135                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil-2.23.so
7f8b14d3a000-7f8b14d3d000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f8b14d3d000-7f8b14f3c000 ---p 00003000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f8b14f3c000-7f8b14f3d000 r--p 00002000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f8b14f3d000-7f8b14f3e000 rw-p 00003000 fc:00 102498635                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.23.so
7f8b14f3e000-7f8b14f57000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f8b14f57000-7f8b15156000 ---p 00019000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f8b15156000-7f8b15157000 r--p 00018000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f8b15157000-7f8b15158000 rw-p 00019000 fc:00 102502878                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f8b15158000-7f8b15170000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f8b15170000-7f8b1536f000 ---p 00018000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f8b1536f000-7f8b15370000 r--p 00017000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f8b15370000-7f8b15371000 rw-p 00018000 fc:00 102500129                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.23.so
7f8b15371000-7f8b15375000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b15375000-7f8b15534000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f8b15534000-7f8b15734000 ---p 001bf000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f8b15734000-7f8b15738000 r--p 001bf000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f8b15738000-7f8b1573a000 rw-p 001c3000 fc:00 102498645                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
7f8b1573a000-7f8b1573e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b1573e000-7f8b15754000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102502725                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8b15754000-7f8b15953000 ---p 00016000 fc:00 102502725                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8b15953000-7f8b15954000 rw-p 00015000 fc:00 102502725                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8b15954000-7f8b15ac6000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f8b15ac6000-7f8b15cc6000 ---p 00172000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f8b15cc6000-7f8b15cd0000 r--p 00172000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f8b15cd0000-7f8b15cd2000 rw-p 0017c000 fc:00 78383108                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f8b15cd2000-7f8b15cd6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b15cd6000-7f8b15fc8000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f8b15fc8000-7f8b161c8000 ---p 002f2000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f8b161c8000-7f8b161ca000 r--p 002f2000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f8b161ca000-7f8b16241000 rw-p 002f4000 fc:00 78381336                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
7f8b16241000-7f8b16264000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b16264000-7f8b162ad000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f8b162ad000-7f8b164ad000 ---p 00049000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f8b164ad000-7f8b164ae000 r--p 00049000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f8b164ae000-7f8b164b0000 rw-p 0004a000 fc:00 78384637                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py27.so.1.58.0
7f8b164b0000-7f8b164d6000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 102498646                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
7f8b16538000-7f8b166b3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b166d2000-7f8b166d5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8b166d5000-7f8b166d6000 r--p 00025000 fc:00 102498646                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
7f8b166d6000-7f8b166d7000 rw-p 00026000 fc:00 102498646                  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
7f8b166d7000-7f8b166d8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffebc457000-7ffebc478000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7ffebc4fe000-7ffebc500000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0                          [vvar]
7ffebc500000-7ffebc502000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
13/13 Test #13: 13-AutoInstantiation .............***Exception: Other  0.17 sec

85% tests passed, 2 tests failed out of 13

Total Test time (real) =   0.62 sec

The following tests FAILED:
	 10 - 10-Embedding (OTHER_FAULT)
	 13 - 13-AutoInstantiation (OTHER_FAULT)
Errors while running CTest

Error Building on Mac OS X Sierra 10.13.3

grokmachine@spock  ~/dev/boost-python-examples   master  ./build.sh
++ basename ./build.sh
+ cd ./
+ mkdir build
mkdir: build: File exists
+ cd build
+ [[ darwin17 == \l\i\n\u\x\-\g\n\u ]]
+ [[ darwin17 == \l\i\n\u\x ]]
+ [[ darwin17 == \d\a\r\w\i\n* ]]
++ python -c 'import sys;t='\''{v[0]}.{v[1]}'\''.format(v=list(sys.version_info[:2]));sys.stdout.write(t)'
+ PYTHON_VERSION=2.7
+ PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/libpython2.7.dylib
+ PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Headers/
+ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Headers/ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG ..
-- Could NOT find Boost
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/grokmachine/dev/boost-python-examples/build
+ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[  3%] Building CXX object 01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/hello.cpp.o
[  6%] Linking CXX shared module hello.so
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "boost::python::detail::init_module(char const*, void (*)())", referenced from:
      _inithello in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::detail::gcc_demangle(char const*)", referenced from:
      boost::python::type_info::name() const in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::detail::scope_setattr_doc(char const*, boost::python::api::object const&, char const*)", referenced from:
      void boost::python::def<char const* (*)()>(char const*, char const* (*)()) in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::objects::function_object(boost::python::objects::py_function const&)", referenced from:
      boost::python::api::object boost::python::detail::make_function_aux<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> >(char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies const&, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> const&) in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::~py_function_impl_base()", referenced from:
      boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> > >::~caller_py_function_impl() in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::converter::do_return_to_python(char const*)", referenced from:
      boost::python::to_python_value<char const* const&>::operator()(char const* const&) const in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)", referenced from:
      boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<char const*>::get_pytype() in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::max_arity() const", referenced from:
      vtable for boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> > > in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const", referenced from:
      boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<char const*>::get_pytype() in hello.cpp.o
  "typeinfo for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base", referenced from:
      typeinfo for boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> > > in hello.cpp.o
  "vtable for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base", referenced from:
      boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::py_function_impl_base() in hello.cpp.o
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [01-HelloWorld/hello.so] Error 1
make[1]: *** [01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

Examples: Interface from Python to C++

Would you add some examples of Python functions calls from C++ code ?

04-ClassMembers met UnicodeEncodeError

MAC:10.11.1
IDE: Sublime text3
Python: Python 3.5.0 (v3.5.0:374f501f4567, Sep 12 2015, 11:00:19)
GCC:GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin

Code: in member.py caused this issue:
m1.name = "Günther"

Python Error code:
name = Pavel
name = Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/kevin/Desktop/pythonc++/build/04-ClassMembers/member.py", line 8, in
print ("name =",m1.name)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xfc' in position 1: ordinal not in range(128)

Also, I'm looking for the way to fix this error.

05-inheritance linking error in VS2015

Thanks for the project first.

I can compile and run all other example except for 05-inheritance on VS 2015 with Boost.Python 2.7 x64, which gave me the following linking error:

1>inheritance.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "class Base const volatile * __cdecl boost::get_pointer<class Base const volatile >(class Base const volatile *)" (??$get_pointer@$$CDVBase@@@boost@@YAPEDVBase@@PEDV1@@Z) referenced in function "public: static struct _object * __cdecl boost::python::objects::make_instance_impl<class Base,struct boost::python::objects::pointer_holder<class std::auto_ptr<class Base>,class Base>,struct boost::python::objects::make_ptr_instance<class Base,struct boost::python::objects::pointer_holder<class std::auto_ptr<class Base>,class Base> > >::execute<class std::auto_ptr<class Base> >(class std::auto_ptr<class Base> &)" (??$execute@V?$auto_ptr@VBase@@@std@@@?$make_instance_impl@VBase@@U?$pointer_holder@V?$auto_ptr@VBase@@@std@@VBase@@@objects@python@boost@@U?$make_ptr_instance@VBase@@U?$pointer_holder@V?$auto_ptr@VBase@@@std@@VBase@@@objects@python@boost@@@345@@objects@python@boost@@SAPEAU_object@@AEAV?$auto_ptr@VBase@@@std@@@Z)

Based on this discussion, I was able to fix the problem by adding the following code to inheritance.cpp. Not sure whether this should be counted as a bug of this project, but I guess it might help others if they also found this issue.

namespace boost
{
	template <>
	Base const volatile * get_pointer<class Base const volatile >(
		class Base const volatile *c)
	{
		return c;
	}
}

`Could NOT find Boost: missing: python37`

I'm having trouble getting these to build with homebrew python3 on mojave. I have installed boost and boost-python3 and made the following changes to build.sh to tell it to use python3:

 if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux-gnu" || "$OSTYPE" == "linux" ]]; then
     cmake -DPYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX=-py3 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG .. && make && make test
 elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-    PYTHON_VERSION=`python -c "import sys;t='{v[0]}.{v[1]}'.format(v=list(sys.version_info[:2]));sys.stdout.write(t)";`
+    PYTHON_VERSION=`python3 -c "import sys;t='{v[0]}.{v[1]}'.format(v=list(sys.version_info[:2]));sys.stdout.write(t)";`
     PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/$PYTHON_VERSION/lib/libpython$PYTHON_VERSION.dylib
     PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/$PYTHON_VERSION/Headers/
-    cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=$PYTHON_LIBRARY -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=$PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG .. && make && make test
+    cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/usr/local/bin/python3 -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=$PYTHON_LIBRARY -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=$PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG .. && make && make test
 elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
     : # POSIX compatibility layer and Linux environment emulation for Windows
 elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" ]]; then

When I execute it I get the following:

++ basename ./build.sh
+ cd ./
+ mkdir build
mkdir: build: File exists
+ cd build
+ [[ darwin18 == \l\i\n\u\x\-\g\n\u ]]
+ [[ darwin18 == \l\i\n\u\x ]]
+ [[ darwin18 == \d\a\r\w\i\n* ]]
++ python3 -c 'import sys;t='\''{v[0]}.{v[1]}'\''.format(v=list(sys.version_info[:2]));sys.stdout.write(t)'
+ PYTHON_VERSION=3.7
+ PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/libpython3.7.dylib
+ PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Headers/
+ cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/usr/local/bin/python3 -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/libpython3.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Headers/ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG ..
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:
  No project() command is present.  The top-level CMakeLists.txt file must
  contain a literal, direct call to the project() command.  Add a line of
  code such as

    project(ProjectName)

  near the top of the file, but after cmake_minimum_required().

  CMake is pretending there is a "project(Project)" command on the first
  line.
This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 10.0.1.10010046
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 10.0.1.10010046
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/local/bin/python3 (found version "3.7.4")
-- Could NOT find Boost: missing: python37 (found /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.71.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found version "1.71.0"))
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/local/bin/python3 (found suitable version "3.7.4", minimum required is "3")
-- Found PythonLibs: /usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/libpython3.7.dylib (found suitable version "3.7.4", minimum required is "3")
-- PYTHON_LIBRARIES = /usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/libpython3.7.dylib
-- PYTHON_EXECUTABLE = /usr/local/bin/python3
-- PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS = /usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Headers
-- Boost_LIBRARIES =
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/keldavis/projects/boost-python-examples/build
+ make
[  3%] Linking CXX shared module hello.so
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "boost::python::detail::init_module(PyModuleDef&, void (*)())", referenced from:
      _PyInit_hello in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::detail::gcc_demangle(char const*)", referenced from:
      boost::python::type_info::name() const in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::detail::scope_setattr_doc(char const*, boost::python::api::object const&, char const*)", referenced from:
      void boost::python::def<char const* (*)()>(char const*, char const* (*)()) in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::objects::function_object(boost::python::objects::py_function const&)", referenced from:
      boost::python::api::object boost::python::detail::make_function_aux<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> >(char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies const&, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> const&) in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::~py_function_impl_base()", referenced from:
      boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> > >::~caller_py_function_impl() in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::converter::do_return_to_python(char const*)", referenced from:
      boost::python::to_python_value<char const* const&>::operator()(char const* const&) const in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)", referenced from:
      boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<char const*>::get_pytype() in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::max_arity() const", referenced from:
      vtable for boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> > > in hello.cpp.o
  "boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const", referenced from:
      boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<char const*>::get_pytype() in hello.cpp.o
  "typeinfo for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base", referenced from:
      typeinfo for boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<char const* (*)(), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector1<char const*> > > in hello.cpp.o
  "vtable for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base", referenced from:
      boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::py_function_impl_base() in hello.cpp.o
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [01-HelloWorld/hello.so] Error 1
make[1]: *** [01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

Trying to understand how to resolve: Could NOT find Boost: missing: python37 (found /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.71.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found version "1.71.0"))

Python argument did not much C++ signature

RH6 + gcc (versions 6 - 8.2 tried)

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 6.1.0                   
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 6.1.0                 
-- Check for working C compiler: /dls_sw/apps/gcc/6.1.0/bin/gcc 
-- Check for working C compiler: /dls_sw/apps/gcc/6.1.0/bin/gcc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info                                        
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done                                 
-- Detecting C compile features                                         
-- Detecting C compile features - done                                  
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /dls_sw/apps/gcc/6.1.0/bin/g++       
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /dls_sw/apps/gcc/6.1.0/bin/g++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info                                        
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done                                 
-- Detecting CXX compile features                                         
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done                                  
-- Found PythonInterp: /scratch/anaconda2/bin/python (found version "2.7.15") 
-- Boost version: 1.41.0

The project builds, some tests fail:

Test project /home/kjy41806/Documents/SOFT/OTHER/boost-python-examples/build                        
      Start  1: 01-HelloWorld                                                                       
 1/13 Test  #1: 01-HelloWorld ....................   Passed    0.04 sec                             
      Start  2: 02-ExposingClasses                                                                  
 2/13 Test  #2: 02-ExposingClasses ...............***Failed    0.07 sec                             
      Start  3: 03-Constructors                                                                     
 3/13 Test  #3: 03-Constructors ..................***Failed    0.04 sec                             
      Start  4: 04-ClassMembers                                                                     
 4/13 Test  #4: 04-ClassMembers ..................***Failed    0.06 sec                             
      Start  5: 05-Inheritance                                                                      
 5/13 Test  #5: 05-Inheritance ...................   Passed    0.03 sec                             
      Start  6: 06-VirtualFunctionsInPython                                                         
 6/13 Test  #6: 06-VirtualFunctionsInPython ......***Failed    0.03 sec                             
      Start  7: 07-Operators                                                                        
 7/13 Test  #7: 07-Operators .....................   Passed    0.03 sec                             
      Start  8: 08-CallPolicies                                                                     
 8/13 Test  #8: 08-CallPolicies ..................   Passed    0.08 sec                             
      Start  9: 09-Overloading                                                                      
 9/13 Test  #9: 09-Overloading ...................***Failed    0.04 sec                             
      Start 10: 10-Embedding                                                                        
10/13 Test #10: 10-Embedding .....................   Passed    0.07 sec                             
      Start 11: 11-Iterators                                                                        
11/13 Test #11: 11-Iterators .....................***Failed    0.03 sec                             
      Start 12: 12-Exceptions                                                                       
12/13 Test #12: 12-Exceptions ....................   Passed    0.03 sec                             
      Start 13: 13-AutoInstantiation                                                                
13/13 Test #13: 13-AutoInstantiation .............***Failed    0.02 se

Then when running python the error itself:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "classes.py", line 6, in <module>
    t.set("bom dia!")
Boost.Python.ArgumentError: Python argument types in
    World.set(World, str)
did not match C++ signature:
    set(World {lvalue}, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >)

What could be the problem? The interesting is that the build pass 100% with gcc 4.4, but I need to use older versions and it fails for 6,7,8 (which I tried).

The necessity of exporting base virtual function in 06-VirtualFunctionsInPython

boost-python-examples/06-VirtualFunctionsInPython/virtual.cpp

Line 36 in 72ea66d

.def("name", &Base::name, &BaseWrap::default_name)

I knew the boost python doc said

Take note that we expose both &Base::f and &BaseWrap::default_f. Boost.Python needs to keep track of 1) the dispatch function f and 2) the forwarding function to its default implementation default_f. There's a special def function for this purpose.

But is it truely necessary to export &Base::name? And I can't see the differences blow in running results:

.def("name", &Base::name, &BaseWrap::default_name)
.def("name", &BaseWrap::default_name)

Can get it to run on ubuntu 21.10

Describe the bug

cd build/01-HelloWorld
./hello.py

produces:

ImportError: /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/build/01-HelloWorld/hello.so: undefined symbol: _ZNK5boost6python7objects21py_function_impl_base9max_arityEv

ldd on hello.so gives:

	linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe9d1a3000)
	libpython3.9.so.1.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.9.so.1.0 (0x00007f63e23f0000)
	libstdc++.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f63e21d7000)
	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f63e21bd000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f63e1f95000)
	libexpat.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007f63e1f64000)
	libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f63e1f48000)
	libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f63e1e62000)
	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f63e29ac000)

So i guess something is missing but what and where to search for.

Error message(s)

Environment:

Ubuntu 22.10
Installed boost python with sudo apt install libboost-all-dev
Python Version 3.9 (the default from OS)
Boost Version (installed via libboost-all-dev, 1.74)
Compiler Version (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-7ubuntu2) 11.2.0 default)

Log of compilation

malte@utop ~/P/boost-python-examples (main)> ./build.sh
++ basename ./build.sh
+ cd ./
+ mkdir build
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘build’: File exists
+ cd build
+ [[ linux-gnu == \l\i\n\u\x\-\g\n\u ]]
+ cmake -DPYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX=-py3 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG ..
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:
  No project() command is present.  The top-level CMakeLists.txt file must
  contain a literal, direct call to the project() command.  Add a line of
  code such as

    project(ProjectName)

  near the top of the file, but after cmake_minimum_required().

  CMake is pretending there is a "project(Project)" command on the first
  line.
This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python (found version "3.9.7") 
-- Could NOT find Boost: missing: python-py3 (found /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found version "1.74.0"))
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python (found suitable version "3.9.7", minimum required is "3") 
-- PYTHON_LIBRARIES = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.9.so
-- PYTHON_EXECUTABLE = /usr/bin/python
-- PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS = /usr/include/python3.9
-- Boost_LIBRARIES = 
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/build
+ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[  3%] Building CXX object 01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/hello.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/01-HelloWorld/hello.cpp:6:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[  6%] Linking CXX shared module hello.so
[  6%] Built target hello
Scanning dependencies of target classes
[ 10%] Building CXX object 02-ExposingClasses/CMakeFiles/classes.dir/classes.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/02-ExposingClasses/classes.cpp:2:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 13%] Linking CXX shared module classes.so
[ 13%] Built target classes
Scanning dependencies of target ctor
[ 16%] Building CXX object 03-Constructors/CMakeFiles/ctor.dir/ctor.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/03-Constructors/ctor.cpp:18:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 20%] Linking CXX shared module ctor.so
[ 20%] Built target ctor
Scanning dependencies of target member
[ 23%] Building CXX object 04-ClassMembers/CMakeFiles/member.dir/member.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/04-ClassMembers/member.cpp:24:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 26%] Linking CXX shared module member.so
[ 26%] Built target member
Scanning dependencies of target inheritance
[ 30%] Building CXX object 05-Inheritance/CMakeFiles/inheritance.dir/inheritance.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/05-Inheritance/inheritance.cpp:32:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 33%] Linking CXX shared module inheritance.so
[ 33%] Built target inheritance
Scanning dependencies of target virtual
[ 36%] Building CXX object 06-VirtualFunctionsInPython/CMakeFiles/virtual.dir/virtual.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/06-VirtualFunctionsInPython/virtual.cpp:16:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 40%] Linking CXX shared module virtual.so
[ 40%] Built target virtual
Scanning dependencies of target operators
[ 43%] Building CXX object 07-Operators/CMakeFiles/operators.dir/operators.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/07-Operators/operators.cpp:35:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 46%] Linking CXX shared module operators.so
[ 46%] Built target operators
Scanning dependencies of target policies
[ 50%] Building CXX object 08-CallPolicies/CMakeFiles/policies.dir/policies.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/08-CallPolicies/policies.cpp:20:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 53%] Linking CXX shared module policies.so
[ 53%] Built target policies
Scanning dependencies of target overload
[ 56%] Building CXX object 09-Overloading/CMakeFiles/overload.dir/overload.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/09-Overloading/overload.cpp:33:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 60%] Linking CXX shared module overload.so
[ 60%] Built target overload
Scanning dependencies of target embedding
[ 63%] Building CXX object 10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/10-Embedding/mymodule.cpp:1:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 66%] Building CXX object 10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp:23,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_gcc_atomic.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp:42,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp:25,
                 from /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:29,
                 from /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp:17,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_to_python.hpp:12,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/call.hpp:15,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:14,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python/args.hpp:22,
                 from /usr/include/boost/python.hpp:11,
                 from /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/10-Embedding/embedding.cpp:1:
/usr/include/boost/bind.hpp:36:1: note: ‘#pragma message: The practice of declaring the Bind placeholders (_1, _2, ...) in the global namespace is deprecated. Please use <boost/bind/bind.hpp> + using namespace boost::placeholders, or define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS to retain the current behavior.’
   36 | BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp:13:1: note: ‘#pragma message: This header is deprecated. Use <iterator> instead.’
   13 | BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED("<iterator>")
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 70%] Linking CXX executable embedding
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: warning: relocation against `_ZTVN5boost6python7objects21py_function_impl_baseE' in read-only section `.text._ZN5boost6python7objects21py_function_impl_baseC2Ev[_ZN5boost6python7objects21py_function_impl_baseC5Ev]'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `PyInit_mymodule':
/home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/10-Embedding/mymodule.cpp:7: undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::init_module(PyModuleDef&, void (*)())'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::type_info::name() const':
/usr/include/boost/python/type_id.hpp:160: undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::gcc_demangle(char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `_object* boost::python::expect_non_null<_object>(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/errors.hpp:45: undefined reference to `boost::python::throw_error_already_set()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::class_<Base, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified>::class_(char const*, char const*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/class.hpp:581: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::class_base::class_base(char const*, unsigned long, boost::python::type_info const*, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `void boost::python::class_<Base, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified>::initialize<boost::python::init<mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_> >(boost::python::init<mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_, mpl_::void_> const&)':
/usr/include/boost/python/class.hpp:453: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::class_base::set_instance_size(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `void boost::python::class_<Base, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified>::def_impl<Base, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > (Base::*)() const, boost::python::detail::def_helper<char const*, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified> >(Base*, char const*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > (Base::*)() const, boost::python::detail::def_helper<char const*, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified> const&, ...)':
/usr/include/boost/python/class.hpp:490: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::add_to_namespace(boost::python::api::object const&, char const*, boost::python::api::object const&, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::api::object boost::python::detail::make_function_aux<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > (Base::*)() const, boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector2<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, Base&>, mpl_::int_<0> >(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > (Base::*)() const, boost::python::default_call_policies const&, boost::mpl::vector2<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, Base&> const&, std::pair<boost::python::detail::keyword const*, boost::python::detail::keyword const*> const&, mpl_::int_<0>)':
/usr/include/boost/python/make_function.hpp:62: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::function_object(boost::python::objects::py_function const&, std::pair<boost::python::detail::keyword const*, boost::python::detail::keyword const*> const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `void boost::python::objects::class_metadata<Base, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified>::maybe_register_class_to_python<Base>(Base*, mpl_::bool_<false>)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/class_metadata.hpp:273: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::copy_class_object(boost::python::type_info const&, boost::python::type_info const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::py_function_impl_base()':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/py_function.hpp:20: undefined reference to `vtable for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_from_python<Base, boost::shared_ptr>::shared_ptr_from_python()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:28: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::insert(void* (*)(_object*), void (*)(_object*, boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data*), boost::python::type_info, _typeobject const* (*)())'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_from_python<Base, std::shared_ptr>::shared_ptr_from_python()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:28: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::insert(void* (*)(_object*), void (*)(_object*, boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data*), boost::python::type_info, _typeobject const* (*)())'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `void boost::python::objects::register_dynamic_id<Base>(Base*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/inheritance.hpp:72: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::register_dynamic_id_aux(boost::python::type_info, std::pair<void*, boost::python::type_info> (*)(void*))'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::to_python_converter<Base, boost::python::objects::class_cref_wrapper<Base, boost::python::objects::make_instance<Base, boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base> > >, true>::to_python_converter()':
/usr/include/boost/python/to_python_converter.hpp:82: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::insert(_object* (*)(void const*), boost::python::type_info, _typeobject const* (*)())'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_from_python<Base, boost::shared_ptr>::convertible(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:41: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::get_lvalue_from_python(_object*, boost::python::converter::registration const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_from_python<Base, boost::shared_ptr>::construct(_object*, boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:53: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::shared_ptr_deleter(boost::python::handle<_object>)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:52: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:60: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::expected_from_python_type_direct<Base>::get_pytype()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:106: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_from_python<Base, std::shared_ptr>::convertible(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:41: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::get_lvalue_from_python(_object*, boost::python::converter::registration const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_from_python<Base, std::shared_ptr>::construct(_object*, boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:53: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::shared_ptr_deleter(boost::python::handle<_object>)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:52: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/shared_ptr_from_python.hpp:60: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::shared_ptr<void>::shared_ptr<void, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter>(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter)':
/usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:382: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:382: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::shared_ptr<void>::shared_ptr<void, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, void>(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter)':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr.h:178: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o:/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr.h:178: more undefined references to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()' follow
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::registration const& boost::python::converter::detail::registry_lookup2<Base const volatile>(Base const volatile& (*)())':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/registered.hpp:100: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::lookup(boost::python::type_info)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::detail::shared_count::shared_count<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter>(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter)':
/usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/shared_count.hpp:191: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::operator()(void const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::__shared_ptr<void, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::__shared_ptr<void, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, void>(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter)':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1108: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1108: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `_object* boost::python::objects::make_instance_impl<Base, boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base>, boost::python::objects::make_instance<Base, boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base> > >::execute<boost::reference_wrapper<Base const> const>(boost::reference_wrapper<Base const> const&)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/make_instance.hpp:46: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::install(_object*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::make_holder<0>::apply<boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base>, boost::mpl::vector0<mpl_::na> >::execute(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/make_holder.hpp:92: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::allocate(_object*, unsigned long, unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/object/make_holder.hpp:95: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::install(_object*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/object/make_holder.hpp:98: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::deallocate(_object*, void*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::__shared_count<(__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::__shared_count<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, void>(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter)':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:618: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:618: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `_typeobject* boost::python::objects::make_instance<Base, boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base> >::get_class_object<boost::reference_wrapper<Base const> const>(boost::reference_wrapper<Base const> const&)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/make_instance.hpp:67: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::get_class_object() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base>::value_holder(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:133: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::instance_holder()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:136: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::~instance_holder()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::api::object boost::python::detail::make_function_aux<void (*)(_object*), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector2<void, _object*>, mpl_::int_<0> >(void (*)(_object*), boost::python::default_call_policies const&, boost::mpl::vector2<void, _object*> const&, std::pair<boost::python::detail::keyword const*, boost::python::detail::keyword const*> const&, mpl_::int_<0>)':
/usr/include/boost/python/make_function.hpp:62: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::function_object(boost::python::objects::py_function const&, std::pair<boost::python::detail::keyword const*, boost::python::detail::keyword const*> const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::__shared_count<(__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::__shared_count<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, std::allocator<void>, void>(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, std::allocator<void>)':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:631: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:637: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::operator()(void const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base>::value_holder<boost::reference_wrapper<Base const> >(_object*, boost::reference_wrapper<Base const>)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:133: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::instance_holder()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:136: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::~instance_holder()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::_Sp_ebo_helper<0, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, false>::~_Sp_ebo_helper()':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:394: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::_Sp_counted_deleter<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, std::allocator<void>, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::_Sp_counted_deleter(void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, std::allocator<void> const&)':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:436: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `void boost::python::api::object_operators<boost::python::api::object>::visit<boost::python::class_<Base, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified>, char const*>(boost::python::class_<Base, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified>&, char const*, boost::python::detail::def_helper<char const*, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified, boost::python::detail::not_specified> const&) const':
/usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:168: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::add_to_namespace(boost::python::api::object const&, char const*, boost::python::api::object const&, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFvP7_objectENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IvS6_EEEEEE[_ZTVN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFvP7_objectENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IvS6_EEEEEE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::max_arity() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<void (*)(_object*), boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector2<void, _object*> > >::~caller_py_function_impl()':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/py_function.hpp:30: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::~py_function_impl_base()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::detail::sp_counted_impl_pd<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter>::~sp_counted_impl_pd()':
/usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_impl.hpp:143: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::~shared_ptr_deleter()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIM4BaseKFNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEvENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2ISB_RS5_EEEEEE[_ZTVN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIM4BaseKFNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEvENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2ISB_RS5_EEEEEE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::max_arity() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > (Base::*)() const, boost::python::default_call_policies, boost::mpl::vector2<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, Base&> > >::~caller_py_function_impl()':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/py_function.hpp:30: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::~py_function_impl_base()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base>::~value_holder()':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:39: undefined reference to `boost::python::instance_holder::~instance_holder()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTIN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFvP7_objectENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IvS6_EEEEEE[_ZTIN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFvP7_objectENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IvS6_EEEEEE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTIN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIM4BaseKFNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEvENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2ISB_RS5_EEEEEE[_ZTIN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIM4BaseKFNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEvENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2ISB_RS5_EEEEEE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTIN5boost6python7objects12value_holderI4BaseEE[_ZTIN5boost6python7objects12value_holderI4BaseEE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::python::instance_holder'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `std::_Sp_counted_deleter<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter, std::allocator<void>, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::_M_dispose()':
/usr/include/c++/11/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:442: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::operator()(void const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::detail::sp_counted_impl_pd<void*, boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter>::dispose()':
/usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_impl.hpp:169: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::shared_ptr_deleter::operator()(void const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::objects::value_holder<Base>::holds(boost::python::type_info, bool)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:92: undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::find_static_type(void*, boost::python::type_info, boost::python::type_info)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<void>::get_pytype()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:68: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:71: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<_object*>::get_pytype()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:68: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:71: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::reference_arg_from_python<Base&>::reference_arg_from_python(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_from_python.hpp:282: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::get_lvalue_from_python(_object*, boost::python::converter::registration const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >::get_pytype()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:68: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:71: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/mymodule.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<Base&>::get_pytype()':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:68: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_function.hpp:71: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `main':
/home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/10-Embedding/embedding.cpp:22: undefined reference to `boost::python::import(boost::python::str)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/10-Embedding/embedding.cpp:24: undefined reference to `boost::python::import(boost::python::str)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/malte/Projects/boost-python-examples/10-Embedding/embedding.cpp:27: undefined reference to `boost::python::exec_file(char const*, boost::python::api::object, boost::python::api::object)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::arg_to_python<char const*>::arg_to_python(char const* const&)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/builtin_converters.hpp:157: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::do_return_to_python(char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::api::const_attribute_policies::get(boost::python::api::object const&, char const*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object_attributes.hpp:74: undefined reference to `boost::python::api::getattr(boost::python::api::object const&, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::api::item_policies::set(boost::python::api::object const&, boost::python::api::object const&, boost::python::api::object const&)':
/usr/include/boost/python/object_items.hpp:73: undefined reference to `boost::python::api::setitem(boost::python::api::object const&, boost::python::api::object const&, boost::python::api::object const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::str::str(char const*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/str.hpp:150: undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::str_base::str_base(char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::pytype_object_manager_traits<&PyDict_Type, boost::python::dict>::adopt(_object*)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/pytype_object_mgr_traits.hpp:37: undefined reference to `boost::python::pytype_check(_typeobject*, _object*)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o: in function `boost::python::converter::detail::value_arg_to_python<Base>::value_arg_to_python(Base const&)':
/usr/include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp:205: undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::detail::arg_to_python_base::arg_to_python_base(void const volatile*, boost::python::converter::registration const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/embedding.cpp.o:(.data.rel.local.DW.ref._ZTIN5boost6python17error_already_setE[DW.ref._ZTIN5boost6python17error_already_setE]+0x0): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::python::error_already_set'
/usr/bin/ld: warning: creating DT_TEXTREL in a PIE
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/build.make:120: 10-Embedding/embedding] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:610: 10-Embedding/CMakeFiles/embedding.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:114: all] Error 2

Additional context
Add any other context about the problem here.

Cant import hello

Hey

Losing my banans here... all I get is >

import hello
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing hello: The specified module could not be found.

I can see the dll file and all. But ???? I'm lost :- (
win10x64/msvc/clion/ amd64 compile

Everything compiled fine as far as I can tell. Any help ?

python bytes can not match c++ char *

Boost.Python.ArgumentError: Python argument types in
pbcvt.YV12ToBGR24_FFmpeg(bytes, int, int)
did not match C++ signature:
YV12ToBGR24_FFmpeg(char*, int, int)

Seg fault when running Autoinstantiation test

Just ran build.sh on Ubuntu 16.04LTS, and got a segfault in the example 13 Autoinstantiation.

Can't build boost with python 3 on ubuntu 18.04

I am able to build and run boost with python 2 on ubuntu 18.04. I am not able to build and run boost with python 3.
My steps are as follows;

Download boost
I tried both boost 1.71 and 1.67 both in the end fail. Example here is given for 1.71.

cd /home/user/
wget https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.71.0/source/boost_1_71_0.tar.bz2
tar --bzip2 -xf boost_1_71_0.tar.bz2

Build boost against python 3
The prefix folder is where the python library gets written

cd /home/user/boost_1_71_0
./bootstrap.sh -with-libraries=python -with-python-version=3.6 --prefix=/home/user/temp/
./b2 &./b2 install

Download this library

cd /home/user/
git clone https://github.com/TNG/boost-python-examples

Create a virtual environment so python points to python 3

cd boost-python-examples
python3 -m venv environment
source /environment/bin/activate

Run cmake with flags
I read this stack over flow post
As a result I run the following commands;

set -x
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DPYTHON_VERSION_SUFFIX=-py3 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG -DBOOST_ROOT=/home/user/temp/ -DBoost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS=TRUE ..

Result -- Could NOT find Boost
Also tried -DBOOST_ROOT=/home/user/temp/boost_1_71_0 and several other options to no avail.

I have also tried to modify the cmakecache.txt from the python 2 configuration into variables suited for python 3.
This eventually leads to the error;

relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against symbol `PyLong_Type' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC

I also obtain this error when i tried to run examples using bjam.

Could you add a little bit of detail in the section about compiling python3 for OS X?

I'm trying to compile on OS X and tried to follow the instructions but I'm running into problems.

I built boost-python (v 1.60.0) from homebrew with python3 support. So /usr/local/Cellar/boost-python/1.60.0/lib/ contains static and dynamic libraries for python 2 and 3, with and without multithreading. Eight total.
Python is resolving to python3 using a virtualenv when I run the bash script.
I run cmake with the added parameters you've specified, as follows:
-DPYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/libpython3.5.dylib
-DBOOST_ROOT=/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.60.0_2/
-DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/Headers/
Lastly, in the bash script, I've added the line before running cmake: DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/boost-python/1.60.0/lib/

I believe this is the directory where the boost::python shared library resides, so it should be as instructed. If we can figure this out, I'd like to submit a patch to get it fixed or fork.

failed builds with homebrew-installed boost & python

I've installed boost, boost-build, cmake and python 2.7.8 on mac OS X using homebrew. cmake runs fine but when I attempt to make I get the error below. Any thoughts?

t89dc:build mike$ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[  6%] Building CXX object 01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/hello.cpp.o
Linking CXX shared module hello.so
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "_PyString_Type", referenced from:
      boost::python::to_python_value<char const* const&>::get_pytype() const in hello.cpp.o
  "__Py_NoneStruct", referenced from:
      boost::python::api::object::object() in hello.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [01-HelloWorld/hello.so] Error 1
make[1]: *** [01-HelloWorld/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

All examples throw a Segmentatio Fault

I've been trying to use Boost Python to wrap around an existing C++ library.
Unfortunatelly all I get is segmentation faults. I've tried the examples here (which compile fine btw) but whenever I try to import a module, it segfaults.
For example:

gdb --args python hello.py

Gets me:

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00007ffff3bab2a9 in GlobalError::PushToStack() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0

I'm on:

gcc 7.4.0
g++ 7.4.0
python 3.6.8
ibboost-python-dev 1.65.1

Execution error in 02-ExposingClasses example

Hello,

Thank you for making public this repository

I have an issue with the following example "02-ExposingClasses". After a successful compilation when I executing the classes.py I have the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "classes.py", line 5, in <module>
    t = classes.World()
TypeError: __init__() should return None, not 'NoneType'

I am using:

osx 10.13
python 3.6 anaconda
boost 1.65.1

in the build.sh I configured the following variables

PYTHON_VERSION="3.6m"
PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/local/anaconda/lib/libpython$PYTHON_VERSION.dylib
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/anaconda/include/python$PYTHON_VERSION
BOOST_ROOT=/usr/local/anaconda

I checked that the classes.so was linked correctly

> otool -L classes.so
classes.so:
	@rpath/libboost_python3.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
	@rpath/libpython3.6m.dylib (compatibility version 3.6.0, current version 3.6.0)
	/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 400.9.0)

Thank

Best regards,
Vincent

boost-python has been disabled because it does not build!

Describe the bug
brew cannot find the boost-python lib

Error message(s)
boost-python has been disabled because it does not build!

Environment:

OS: [MAC OSX]
Version [Big Sur 11.4]
Python Version: 2.7.16
Boost Version: 1.76.0
Compiler Version

Can't run examples

I've built this project via the newest boost and cmake, using build.sh. I've tried to run them but even the first failed with error:

$python hello.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "hello.py", line 3, in <module>
    import hello
  File "<path>/hello.py", line 4, in <module>
    print (hello.greet())

Why doesn't it work?