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A global network of probes to run network tests like ping, traceroute and DNS resolve

Home Page: https://www.jsdelivr.com/globalping

TypeScript 93.12% JavaScript 6.58% Shell 0.06% HTML 0.12% Dockerfile 0.12%
probes network-analysis network performance ripe-atlas globalping devops sysops api benchmark hacktoberfest monitoring mtr network-monitoring ping ripeatlas traceroute

globalping's Issues

Probe IDs

How about we expose each probe's unique ID and make the test quarable by the ID?
Example use-case:
I want to run a test from Amazon probe located in Canada. There is no way to set 2 filters at the moment, like country:canada + asn:amazon to run a test only on that specific probe.
But if we had IDs then the user could use /probes to filter as much as he wants and then simply use the IDs he needs

Block malware IPs and domains

Lets also integrate anti-abuse logic. To stop people using probes to connect to malicious IPs and domains.
Any request to a banned domain should be stopped by the API before even getting to any probe.
Lists I propose using:

Its important since people could be running probes in their homes so we need to do our best to protect them. Lists can be auto-updated during API deployment

Originally posted by @jimaek in https://github.com/jsdelivr/globalping/issues/1#issuecomment-1044580719

Add metric to appsignal

  1. connected probes count
  2. total measurements per minute
  3. measurements per type per minute
  4. total results count in Redis (?)
  5. measurement time per type (not sure that app signal supports that)

Consider banning VPNs

How about we also block probes from connecting that have proxy_description=vpn and tor-* plus maybe proxy_type=anonymous,aol,blackberry,corporate,?
https://developer.fastly.com/reference/vcl/variables/geolocation/client-geo-proxy-description/
https://developer.fastly.com/reference/vcl/variables/geolocation/client-geo-proxy-type/

hosting example https://globalping-geoip.global.ssl.fastly.net/142.132.251.61

A probe hosted behind a VPN would only create problems. If the user is in China with the VPN server in Germany it would get registered in our system as a German probe. Then if someone tried to use the probe he would get 100ms latency to ping Germany from Germany.

Add probes listing endpoint

We need an endpoint that will list all connected and available probes to build a map on a website. Probably it will be a list of probe.location objects since we don't have other probes information that should be shared publically.

Geographical coordinates are required there to place a marker on a map. MaxMind provides location information for IP addresses so it must be added to the probes as well.

GET /v1/probes

[
  {
    "continent": "EU",
    "region": "eastern-europe",
    "country": "UA",
    "city": 706483,
    "asn": 123456,
    "latitude": 49.98081,
    "longitude": 36.25272
  },
  ...
]

GitHub bot

  • MVP Done. Only countries work
  • Needs the resolve endpoint to make it understand all locations

DNS needs performance metadata

One of the key use-cases of the dns command is benchmarking the performance of resolvers and dns servers.
So every dns command should have a "querytime" parameter that says how long the query actually took.
dig already returns that value by default.

Unrelated but we should also include the "server" parameter of dig as well. Its important to understand what resolver was used for the query.

;; Query time: 11 msec
;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8)

Support ISP as metadata

We already have this info as part of https://globalping-geoip.global.ssl.fastly.net/

"as": {
"name": "internetia sp.z o.o.",

So why not use it. I suggest we start collecting this data from all probes and exposing in our API.
And make it part of POST for measurements too to all users to do limit their tests to certain providers.

Example use-case: I want to understand my performance from AWS to my CDN. Or to choose which Hetzner location I should be using. I could then run a latency test from "network: hetzner".

This means it should also be part of #51

Probe fails to connect

 docker logs a
Checking for the latest version
Current version 0.2.2
Latest version 0.2.2
[2022-04-02 14:10:51] [INFO] [16] [general] Start probe version 0.2.2 in a production mode
[2022-04-02 14:10:52] [ERROR] [16] [general] connection to API failed failed to collect probe metadata

Not sure why it fails since both of our APIs have geo IP data.

 curl ipinfo.io
{
  "ip": "139.99.172.23",
  "hostname": "vps-197e15b9.vps.ovh.ca",
  "city": "Sydney",
  "region": "New South Wales",
  "country": "AU",
  "loc": "-33.8678,151.2073",
  "org": "AS16276 OVH SAS",
  "postal": "1001",
  "timezone": "Australia/Sydney",
  "readme": "https://ipinfo.io/missingauth"

https://globalping-geoip.global.ssl.fastly.net/139.99.172.23

Prevent all LAN access

This PR is a nice start to filter out the basic stuff #92

But its still simple to get the probes to target LAN endpoints. Simply create a DNS record test.domain.com A 192.168.1.1 and ask the probe to ping test.domain.com, it will resolve to a local IP and return results of the LAN test. This will be especially problematic with HTTP.

We need a way to prevent that completely. The obvious solution is to add a check on the probe side and if the resolved IP of any measurement type is LAN then kill the test and return an error.

But there might be a better way to do this

MVP

  • API + websocket server
  • probe agent
  • Resolve location endpoint for magic like "Ping from 10 locations in Eastern Europe"
  • Real-time results
  • Endpoint to build a map of active probes
  • Auto-updates within a docker container. Assume the user will never pull a new Docker container
  • Auto-scaling of tests per probe. A small raspberry pi should not be getting the same amount of tests as an 8 core intel server. Maybe run a local benchmark during startup or something? Because an 8 core Atom is not the same as an 8 core Xeon either
  • Exponential backoff associated with failing tests. Need to make sure that probes with poor results are not ruining the tests. The goal is to prevent dial-up users from breaking the service
  • Limit to 1 connection per IP address from probes. Don't allow a user to start 200 containers on his PC and DDOS us.

Commands and parameters to support

The user facing parameters. On the backend we will need to set our own stuff.

ping

  • packets {6} - The number of packets to send. max 16. Default is 3 (optional)
  • quick {true} - boolean, a special fast test that returns a single value in ms per location, instead of full ping output. Default false (optional)

traceroute

  • protocol {TCP} - Traceroute protocol. ICMP|TCP|UDP. Default is UDP (optional)
  • port {90} - Port to use if TCP is selected above. Default 80 (optional)

dns

  • type {CNAME} - DNS query type to use. Default A. Support ['A' or 'AAAA' or 'ANY' or 'CNAME' or 'DNSKEY' or 'DS' or 'MX' or 'NS' or 'NSEC' or 'PTR' or 'RRSIG' or 'SOA' or 'TXT' or 'SRV'] (optional)
  • protocol {TCP} - Traceroute protocol. TCP|UDP. Default is UDP (optional)
  • port {90} - Supports both UDP and TCP. Default 53 (optional)

Global parameters:

  • target - hostname or IPv4 (required)
  • resolver {1.1.1.1} - empty means local resolve (optional)
  • limit {5} - empty means 1 per selected location (optional)
  • continent - (optional)
  • country - (optional)
  • region - (optional)
  • state - (optional)
  • city - (optional)
  • asn - (optional)

The CLI and other UI will have a virtual smart field "location". E.g. location=Eastern Europe|Athens|as3454|Germany and it will return a ready json to be used to provide the IDs to the static fields above. This requires a separate location resolver endpoint.

Exponential backoff for probes

Exponential backoff associated with failing tests. Need to make sure that probes with poor results are not ruining the tests. The goal is to prevent dial-up users from breaking the service.
Probably need to also log probes in "backing-off" state to make sure we dont lose half our network due to a bug in this system.

ping has no raw output

Ping has the same issue as #57 but at the end it doesnt even return the output, e.g.

{
  "id": "xCZhqmMDXldUel7f",
  "type": "ping",
  "status": "finished",
  "createdAt": 1648571655024,
  "updatedAt": 1648571685028,
  "results": [
    {
      "probe": {
        "continent": "EU",
        "region": "western-europe",
        "country": "NL",
        "state": null,
        "city": "amsterdam",
        "asn": 14061,
        "longitude": 4.8897,
        "latitude": 52.374
      },
      "result": {
        "rawOutput": "\n--- 141.164.34.61 ping statistics ---\n15 packets transmitted, 14 received, 6.66667% packet loss, time 2808ms\nrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 275.943/276.093/276.595/0.165 ms, pipe 2\n"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Launch TODO

  • Need a CLI tool.
  • jsdelivr.com/globalping landing page. Description, probes map and stats, how to contribute, how to use, small demo
  • Logo
  • Banner for Github readme and social
  • Full Documentation on Github
  • Grafana with stats
  • Remove debug info from the API

Resolve location endpoint

Resolve location endpoint for magic like "Ping from 10 locations in Eastern Europe".
Its needed for easier development of web and cli tools.

It should also support partial names like "frankfurt" when in reality the probes are at "frankfurt am main" or "amazon" when full is "amazon.com inc"

Example inputs:

  • Africa
  • AS80085
  • Germany
  • Athens
  • Frankfurt
  • Western Europe
  • Asia
  • USA
  • PL
  • EU
  • Colorado
  • New York
  • NYC
  • California
  • Hetzner (#70 )
  • Amazon (#70)

The output should be something easily usable for the measurement endpoint.

SyntaxError happened in POST [unknown route]

Message

  Unexpected token 
 in JSON at position 95

Backtrace (last 10 lines)

SyntaxError: Unexpected token 
 in JSON at position 95
    at JSON.parse (<anonymous>)
node_modules/co-body/lib/json.js:57 parse
node_modules/co-body/lib/json.js:41 AsyncFunction.module.exports
    at runMicrotasks (<anonymous>)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5)
node_modules/koa-bodyparser/index.js:100 async
node_modules/koa-bodyparser/index.js:85 async
node_modules/@koa/cors/index.js:59 async
    at async file:///app/dist/lib/http/middleware/ratelimit.js:26:5

View on AppSignal: https://appsignal.com/jsdelivr/sites/6230aa4683eb670b2c24f6e9/exceptions/incidents/10?timestamp=2022-04-05T17:57:27Z

Get preview URLs working

Currently API previews dont work

2022-03-29T14:49:12.656703+00:00 app[web.1]: WARNING: NODE_ENV value of 'production' did not match any deployment config file names.
2022-03-29T14:49:12.656851+00:00 app[web.1]: WARNING: See https://github.com/lorenwest/node-config/wiki/Strict-Mode
2022-03-29T14:49:13.085654+00:00 app[web.1]: [2022-03-29 14:49:13] [ERROR] [22] [global] failed to start cluster connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:6379
  1. Do we need them? @zarianec @patrykcieszkowski
  2. If we do then lets fix them. First we need to enable the free redis instances on each preview app and then use the REDIS_TLS_URL, REDIS_URL vars it sets automatically.

Probes selection rules

Current measurement request payload:

{
    "locations": [
        {
            "type": "country",
            "value": "FR",
            "limit": 3 // per-location limit
        },
        {
            "type": "country",
            "value": "PL",
            "limit": 4 // per-location limit
        }
    ],
    "measurement": {
        "type": "ping",
        "target": "hello.com",
        "packets": 3
    },
    "limit": 10 // global limit
}

Global limit and per-location limit are mutually exclusive - it means that if the global limit is present in the request, the per-location limit is not allowed and vice-versa.

Because we are not limited by a single location type per request - the resulting probes set must contain unique records only.

const probes = [
	{ id: 1, country: "PL", contient: "EU" },
	{ id: 2, country: "UA", contient: "EU" },
	{ id: 3, country: "PL", contient: "EU" },
	{ id: 4, country: "NL", contient: "EU" },
];

const request = [
	{ type: "country": value: "PL", limit: 1 },
	{ type: "continent": value: "EU", limit: 4 },
]

const result = [
	// because of request[0]
	{ id: 3, country: "PL", contient: "EU" },
	

	// because of request[1] - even though 4 probes from the EU was requested - only 3 was found
	{ id: 2, country: "UA", contient: "EU" }, 
	{ id: 4, country: "NL", contient: "EU" },
	{ id: 1, country: "PL", contient: "EU" },
]

Case 1. With locations and limit per location

This is the easiest one. We must find the exact amount of probes for each location. If we don't have enough probes for a specific location, only these we have will be used and the final probes count may be smaller than expected.

Example:
Probes: UA:10; PL:4; NL:3
Request: UA:5; PL: 7; NL:3
Result: UA:5; PL:4; NL:3

Case 2. With locations and global limit

The final amount of probes shouldn't exit the global limit. It may be smaller if we don't have enough probes in total though.
At least 1 probe from each requested location must be present in the results (if we have probes there at all ofc.).
If some locations don't have enough probes the result must be filled with probes from locations that have them.

Example:
Probes: UA:6; PL:2; NL:1
Request: UA; PL; NL - Limit: 6
Result: UA:3; PL:2; NL:1

Case 3. Without locations and global a limit (e.g. World Wide)

For World Wide (WW) requests, we must apply "smart" logic where we break the world into groups and the final probes set must contain a predefined percentage of probes from each group.

percentage location
5 Africa
15 Asia
30 Europe
10 Oceania
30 North America
10 South America

Example:
For a WW request with a global limit of 100, the result will contain 30 probes from Europe, 15 from Asia, etc.

Add rate limits on API

POST /v1/measurements must accept no more than 100 requests per minute

Make sure to write the exit the limit event to logs and report to appSignal so we can see it.

No location tests are stuck

When I run ping tests without setting a location e.g.

{"measurement":{"type":"ping","target":"google.com"},"locations":[],"limit":1}

the response always comes from 1 specific probe. In this case its always Johannesburg

{"id":"WPWKOLw8unO7Xljg","type":"ping","status":"in-progress","createdAt":1649698775713,"updatedAt":1649698776228,"results":[{"probe":{"continent":"AF","region":"southern-africa","country":"ZA","state":null,"city":"johannesburg","asn":199524,"longitude":28.0436,"latitude":-26.2023,"network":"g-core labs s.a."},"result":{"rawOutput":"PING google.com (172.217.169.78) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 172.217.169.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=114 time=158 ms\n"}}]}

We had a logic with weights and priorities and the probe should be selected at random based on those weights

http command

We need a new http type of measurement. Probably use https://github.com/sindresorhus/got. It supports everything except HTTP3 but its coming soon. The URL must be manually built from the parameters.

http

  • method {HEAD} - The type of request to make. GET or HEAD. Default is HEAD (optional)
  • path {/path/somewhere.jpg} - the path part that we will add to "target" to build the URL. Must support query strings, hashbangs and everything else. Default none (optional)
  • protocol {https} - the protocol to use and to be added to the URL. Technically if user selects HTTPS we just make it part of the URL. But if he selects HTTP2 or 3 then we use HTTPS in the URL and set extra parameters to support http/2 and http/3. Supported HTTP,HTTPS,HTTP2,HTTP3. Default HTTPS. (optional)
  • port {543} - Port to connect to, default is 443 if HTTPS/http2/http3 and 80 if HTTP. (Optional.)
  • host {string.com} - the value for the host: header. Default is $target (optional)
  • headers {array} - key:value array that allows the user to set custom headers except from "host" which is above. Default non (optional)

Set internal parameters on our side:

  • user-agent should be globalping probe (https://github.com/jsdelivr/globalping)
  • 10 second total timeout request: 10000
  • disable all caches
  • followRedirect: false
  • set dns resolver if present in global option
  • dnsLookupIpVersion:4
  • http2 is set based on user but note this: "If you prefer to use the newest version, set both request to http2wrapper.auto and http2 to true."
  • rejectUnauthorized:false to accept expired certs
  • Don't actually download anything to disk. It should all be in memory and sent to the API.
  • Limit download size of content to 10kb!!! If the content being fetched is longer then we need to stop it immediately and send back to the API the first 10kb. This should be enough to fetch simple content like JSON endpoints or raw HTML pages.
  • Make sure its multi-threaded same as the rest jsdelivr/globalping-probe#10

Output:

  • raw output. If HEAD then the raw headers. If GET then body without headers.
  • parsed output of headers in all cases
  • performance meta-data: dns lookup, tcp connection, tls handshake, time to first byte, download, total time
  • tls certificate meta-data like issuer, domain, issue and expiration date, valid bool...

Must support the same global parameters, especially the resolver. But make sure we still check the hostname or IP part of the URL against our blacklist.

Global parameters:

  • target - hostname or IP address (required)
  • resolver {1.1.1.1} - empty means local resolve (optional)
  • limit {5} - empty means 1 per selected location (optional)
  • continent - (optional)
  • country - (optional)
  • region - (optional)
  • state - (optional)
  • city - (optional)
  • asn - (optional)"

API errors response format

We must unify the error response format for the API.

I suggest something similar to Stripe error formats:

{
  "error": {
    "message": "Something bad happened",
    "type": "api_error",
  }
}

For validation errors, we also need to provide a list of failed fields with a description:

{
  "error": {
    "message": "Validation Failed",
    "type": "invalid_request_error",
    "params": {
      "field_name": "Message"
    }
  }
}

Validate IPs and hostnames

It seems we try to ping IPs like 800.800.80.80 and we just get a measurement stuck in in-progress.
Same for hostnames like dfdf

Validate IPs and hostnames to make sure they are valid

API Documentation

Plan so far: Use .md to document the API in this repo. Once ready add the link to the API too #23

Probe geo mixed city and country

We have a probe in Spain, Madrid but the API has mixed the data, it says Madrid USA:

"location": {
"continent": "NA",
"region": "northern-america",
"country": "US",
"city": "madrid",
"asn": 20473,
"latitude": 40.4165,
"longitude": -3.7026,
"network": "choopa llc"

These 2 DBs have wrong data and different cities https://globalping-geoip.global.ssl.fastly.net/208.85.17.142
By our GeoIP logic that means we should fallback to data by ipinfo https://ipinfo.io/208.85.17.142

But it looks like we falled back only for city and kept the rest from a different DB. We can't mix this kind of info, so the fallback should be for all location values.

IP Geo v2

Even with 3 IP data sources I get lots of wrong locations with datacenter IPs. And now while I control all of them I can either remove the wrong probes completely or make a request to maxmind and ipinfo to update their data.
But soon we will have 0 control over them and if we detect an Australian IP as American it will end up heavily influencing the results with people not understanding why their USA to USA test is so slow.

The problem is that even if a DB gets an IP's geo correctly we can't know it without a human review. So the current logic of 2vs1 is still the most optimal one.

So I am thinking how we could complement the existing system. Some ideas:

  1. What Patryk said. Run some latency test. e.g. if our DB logic says the IP is in Dallas then have the probe ping an IP address we 100% know is located in Dallas (e.g. aws endpoints). Then if the latency is higher than 5-10ms that means the DB was wrong. But this has lots of potential pitfalls. What if we dont have a static endpoint anywhere close to the probe? How do we decide the exact number of ms as the threshold? And do we do after the test fails? Sounds too complicated and unreliable.
  2. Manual override rules. It's more of a hack than a solution. But basically a config file in Github where we could write IPs or IP ranges and the exact location as we see fit. This would guarantee accuracy but its not scalable. Also we could make the corrections only after someone reports a mistake, so if nobody reports anything we won't be able to fix anything. Also it doesn't work long term. A correct fix now could be wrong in 6 months when the IPs get moved to a different datacenter.
  3. User data. We could allow the users to pass env vars that correct their reported IP GEO but then it becomes a question of trust. It makes us open to abuse and malicious/troll activity.

To me none of the above ideas are great. So lets keep this issue open until we can come up with something better

UI demo

We need a simple UI demo for easier testing of the API. It can be as simple as an HTML file with a bunch of inputs for everything that our API supports which will also show the results in real-time by requesting the measurement ID every 500ms.

Output the raw output with original formatting as main output with all the additional metadata included below

Need to understand failed tests

e.g. If I ping something random the hostname won't get resolved and I will get this error

# ping google12344.com
ping: google12344.com: Name or service not known

But our API will keep running for 30 seconds until it times out and returns

{
  "id": "HVXCBTN9KIj8HIWN",
  "type": "ping",
  "status": "finished",
  "createdAt": 1648656181924,
  "updatedAt": 1648656211933,
  "results": [
    {
      "probe": {
        "continent": "EU",
        "region": "eastern-europe",
        "country": "PL",
        "state": null,
        "city": "krakow",
        "asn": 43939,
        "longitude": 19.9968,
        "latitude": 49.9979
      },
      "result": {}
    }
  ]
}

I think it will be a major problem for our users. e.g. a user using our web tools or even CLI will get blocked for 30 seconds while he waits for a problematic test to finish.

We need a way to understand when tests fail and return the error. I dont think it should be too hard because the binary command will fail and exit, I dont understand why we have to wait for something. If the binary exited, then catch it and return the output of the error.

This applies to all commands.

Custom regions as locations for probes

Alongside well-known geographical location types like country, continent, city, we must also support custom regions for better and simpler routing.

These regions should be defined as a group of countries. Request validation must be tweaked to allow only predefined regions.
Probes routing (#9 ) should support it as well.

Proposed regions are:

name
Caribbean
Southern Asia
Middle Africa
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Western Asia
South America
Polynesia
Australia and New Zealand (?)
Western Europe
Eastern Africa
Western Africa
Eastern Europe
Central America
Northern America
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Africa
Eastern Asia
Northern Africa
Melanesia
Micronesia
Central Asia

Limit probes per ip

Limit to 1 connection per IP address from probes. Don't allow a user to start 200 containers on his PC and DDOS us.

Consider combining "world" location with other location types

In some cases, it may be useful to combine "world" type location with other location types:

I think your example could be useful when you want to cover the world + extra probes from a specific location. To avoid creating a huge POST with every single country. Limits and everything else would work as any other location

"locations": [
    {
        "type": "world"
    },
    {
        "type": "country",
        "value": "NL"
    }
]

This will require:

  1. adding a new "virtual" location "world"
  2. add a validation rule to filter multiple "world" locations in the request
  3. think about how to combine different probe selection strategies

Limit of measurements

Right now we have a simple anti-abuse system that simply rate-limits the amount of POST requests we accept per IP. Thats fine but its only an anti-abuse system.

We also need an extensive system to allow us to limit the amount of actual tests a user can run. e.g. I want to set 200 tests limit per hour per IP address with no authentication.
In theory that IP can now run either 1 measurement with limit of probes set to 200, and if we actual have 200 probes we run the test and return the results. But all future measurement requests will be declined until the 1 hour limit resets.

Or it can run 200 POST requests asking for 1 probe in each, same thing from the limit's point of view.

Need to make sure here that we correctly count them. So if a user has a limit of 200 and asks for 200 probes in Poland but we only have 50 probes in Poland that means that after the tests finish he will still have 150 tests remaining for that hour.

Later we will expand this for custom limits per API key and plan it's subscribed to, but at the moment its not necessary.

Needs #153

Benchmark probes / auto-scale tests per probe

A small raspberry pi should not be getting the same amount of tests as an 8 core intel server.
Maybe run a local benchmark during startup or something? Because an 8 core Atom is not the same as an 8 core Xeon either

@patrykcieszkowski We didn't come up with anything concrete yet. Artem planned to do some manual benchmarks and see if he can come up with usable data to then integrate into the code.
Maybe you have an idea how to do this?

Real-time results are in random order

Run a few tests like a traceroute to a far away location like 141.164.34.61

The raw output will flash random lines. Like first line 8 of the traceroute, then line 14, then nothing, then 2 random lines and then the full output. It must emulate the way it appears in the command line, one line after the other

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